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Responsabilidade da criança e do adolescente por ato infracional : reflexão acerca da (im)possibilidade de limites implícitos em matéria de redução da idade penal na constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988
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A presente dissertação objetiva analisar a idade da responsabilidade penal como norma inserida na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil (CRFB), de 1988, bem como seu eventual (não) reconhecimento como direito/garantia fundamental de crianças e adolescentes, de não serem responsabilizados penalmente antes da idade limite na CRFB fixada, ou seja, 18 anos de idade, por meio de fontes legislativas e doutrinárias (bibliográfica). Ante o reconhecimento como direito/garantia fundamental, analisa-se a possibilidade do dispositivo que trata do tema – artigo 228, da Constituição, conter limite implícito à sua modificação ou diminuição, pela proposta de emenda à Constituição, ou seja, possuir conteúdo intangível, na medida em que o dispositivo seria cláusula pétrea, mesmo fora do rol de direitos fundamentais do artigo 5º da Carta Política, por força do parágrafo 2º do referido artigo. Para tanto, fez-se um estudo histórico do limite da idade da responsabilidade penal no tempo, desde o Brasil-Colônia até a sua constitucionalização pela Constituição de 1988, bem como das normativas internacionais que tratam do tema, além da legislação portuguesa. Por meio de fontes legislativas e doutrinárias (bibliográfica), avançou-se sobre Poder Constituinte e de Reforma, desde as Revoluções Francesa e Americana do final do Século XVIII. Analisou-se as teorias sobre cláusulas pétreas e seus limites, de maneira geral e especificamente sobre o entendimento doutrinário e jurisprudencial (do Supremo Tribunal Federal) brasileiros, bem como a teoria adotada sobre cláusulas pétreas no Brasil. Por fim, analisa-se os fundamentos contra e a favor do reconhecimento do dispositivo constitucional analisado ser direito/garantia fundamental de crianças e adolescentes e, por via de consequência, ser cláusula pétrea e, como tal, insuscetível de supressão ou modificação.
The present dissertation aims to analyze the age of criminal responsibility as a norm inserted in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, of 1988, if eventual (non) recognition as a fundamental right/guarantee of children and adolescents, not to be held criminally responsible before the age limit set by the Constitution, which is 18 years of age, through legislative and doctrinal sources (bibliographic). In view of its recognition as a fundamental right/guarantee, the possibility is analyzed whether the provision addressing the matter – article 228 of the Constitution, contains an implicit limit to its modification or reduction through a constitutional amendment proposal, that is, whether it possesses intangible content, in that the provision would be an immutable clause, even if it is not part of the fundamental rights listed in article 5 of the Political Charter, by virtue of paragraph 2 of the same article. To this end, a historical study was made of the age limit for criminal responsibility over time, from Brazil-Colony, to its constitutionalization by the Constitution, in 1988, as well as the international norms that deal with the subject, in addition to the Portuguese legislation. Through legislative and doctrinal sources (bibliographic), progress has been made of the Constituent and Reform Power, since the French and American Revolutions of the late eighteenth century. The theories of immutable clauses and their limits were analyzed, in general, and specifically on the Brazilian doctrinal and jurisprudential understanding (of the Supreme Federal Court), as well as the theory adopted of immutable clauses in Brazil. Finally, it analyzes the arguments for and against the recognition of the constitutional provision in question as a fundamental right/guarantee of children and adolescents and, as a consequently, as an immutable clause and thus, immune to suppression or modification.
The present dissertation aims to analyze the age of criminal responsibility as a norm inserted in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, of 1988, if eventual (non) recognition as a fundamental right/guarantee of children and adolescents, not to be held criminally responsible before the age limit set by the Constitution, which is 18 years of age, through legislative and doctrinal sources (bibliographic). In view of its recognition as a fundamental right/guarantee, the possibility is analyzed whether the provision addressing the matter – article 228 of the Constitution, contains an implicit limit to its modification or reduction through a constitutional amendment proposal, that is, whether it possesses intangible content, in that the provision would be an immutable clause, even if it is not part of the fundamental rights listed in article 5 of the Political Charter, by virtue of paragraph 2 of the same article. To this end, a historical study was made of the age limit for criminal responsibility over time, from Brazil-Colony, to its constitutionalization by the Constitution, in 1988, as well as the international norms that deal with the subject, in addition to the Portuguese legislation. Through legislative and doctrinal sources (bibliographic), progress has been made of the Constituent and Reform Power, since the French and American Revolutions of the late eighteenth century. The theories of immutable clauses and their limits were analyzed, in general, and specifically on the Brazilian doctrinal and jurisprudential understanding (of the Supreme Federal Court), as well as the theory adopted of immutable clauses in Brazil. Finally, it analyzes the arguments for and against the recognition of the constitutional provision in question as a fundamental right/guarantee of children and adolescents and, as a consequently, as an immutable clause and thus, immune to suppression or modification.
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Poder constituinte Cláusula pétrea Revisão constitucional Responsabilidade penal Direito constitucional Teses de mestrado - 2025 Constituent power Immutable clause Constitutional amendments Criminal responsibility Constitutional law