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Prosápia intelectual, neofilia e fetichismo temporal : notas sobre o conceito de cronocentrismo
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As ciências sociais identificaram, há muito, um problema basilar que constituía importante entrave ao desenvolvimento de um conhecimento verdadeiro e objectivo das sociedades – o etnocentrismo. Neste texto, consideramos que, não menos importante, e talvez mais insidioso, é o problema do cronocentrismo. O cronocentrismo corresponde a uma forma de desconsideração pelas sociedades passadas, impondo sobre elas bitolas de avaliação, juízos e condenações que não respeitam nem a sua lógica nem a sua integridade e são baseados em construções morais presentistas. Trata-se de um enviesamento comum, e escassamente reconhecido, que resulta de fraquezas metodológicas e conceptuais e de um parco e errado uso de formas comparativas de análise. A inexistência de deflatores sociais e um fetichismo pela inovação e pela mudança, a par de uma neofilia generalizada têm adensado o problema. Baseados na análise de múltiplos contributos teóricos sobre o conceito de cronocentrismo, apresentados ao longo das últimas cinco décadas, propomos uma matriz integradora capaz de lançar luz sobre o fenómeno e suas causas. A síntese produzida poderá constituir a base para estudos empiricamente conduzidos que testem a validade da chamada “hipótese cronocêntrica”.
Social sciences have long identified a fundamental problem that was an important obstacle to the development of a true and objective knowledge of societies - ethnocentrism. In this text we consider that no less important, and perhaps more insidious, is the problem of chronocentrism. Chronocentrism corresponds to a form of disregard for past societies, imposing on them evaluation gauges, judgments and condemnations that respect neither their logic nor their integrity and are based on presentist moral constructions. It is a common, and scarcely recognized, bias that results from methodological and conceptual weaknesses and a misuse of comparative forms of analysis. The absence of social deflators and a fetishism for innovation and change, along with widespread neophilia, have deepened the problem. Based on the analysis of multiple theoretical contributions to the concept of chronocentrism, presented over the last five decades, we propose an integrative matrix capable of shedding light on the phenomenon and its causes. The synthesis produced may form the basis for empirically conducted studies that test the validity of the so-called “chronocentric hypothesis”.
Social sciences have long identified a fundamental problem that was an important obstacle to the development of a true and objective knowledge of societies - ethnocentrism. In this text we consider that no less important, and perhaps more insidious, is the problem of chronocentrism. Chronocentrism corresponds to a form of disregard for past societies, imposing on them evaluation gauges, judgments and condemnations that respect neither their logic nor their integrity and are based on presentist moral constructions. It is a common, and scarcely recognized, bias that results from methodological and conceptual weaknesses and a misuse of comparative forms of analysis. The absence of social deflators and a fetishism for innovation and change, along with widespread neophilia, have deepened the problem. Based on the analysis of multiple theoretical contributions to the concept of chronocentrism, presented over the last five decades, we propose an integrative matrix capable of shedding light on the phenomenon and its causes. The synthesis produced may form the basis for empirically conducted studies that test the validity of the so-called “chronocentric hypothesis”.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ciências sociais Etnocentrismo Cronocentrismo Social Sciences Etnocentrism Chronocentrism
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Marques, Rafael (2020). "Prosápia intelectual, neofilia e fetichismo temporal : notas sobre o conceito de cronocentrismo". Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão – SOCIUS/CSG Working papers nº 1/2020
Editora
ISEG – SOCIUS/CSG