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Liga Naval Portuguesa - do “Ressurgimento marítimo” ao “Ressurgimento nacional”, entre quatro Regimes (1900-1939)
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A Liga Naval Portuguesa foi criada em 1900 por iniciativa de um conjunto de oficiais da Armada e civis com interesses ligados ao mar. Acompanhando o movimento que se desenvolvia na Europa e nas Américas desde 1894, a nova associação tinha como fins estatutários a promoção do ressurgimento das marinhas nacionais de guerra, mercante, de pescas e de recreio. As actividades desenvolvidas nos primeiros anos da Liga Naval acompanharam de perto os seus propósitos fundadores. Em 1908, depois do Regicídio, por iniciativa dos seus dirigentes, a Liga lançou a realização de um Congresso Nacional, que tinha por objectivo encontrar soluções para os grandes problemas do País, que se agravavam na crise permanente que Portugal atravessava desde 1890. Esta iniciativa, concretizada em Maio de 1910, agrupou monárquicos e republicanos de diversas tendências e aprovou mais de uma centena de “votos finais”, que pretendiam reflectir o debate das teses apresentadas. Entre outros factores, a implantação da República constituiu um obstáculo à continuação do referido diálogo, mas não ao prosseguimento das iniciativas da Liga Naval no domínio político, como foi o caso da criação da União Patriótica (1913) e da Liga Nacional (1915-1918) cuja actividade, ainda que efémera, contribuiu para as correntes de pensamento que, mais tarde, formaram o substrato ideológico do Estado Novo. No pós-guerra e durante a Nova República Velha, a Liga Naval atravessou um período de apagamento, até ao seu reaparecimento, em 1930, quando foi solicitada a colaborar na propaganda do programa naval da Ditadura, lançado nessa ano. Decaiu, depois, até que em 1939, debaixo de uma grave e prolongada pressão financeira, decidiu suspender a actividade.
Esta tese tem o objectivo de estudar a Liga Naval Portuguesa, nas suas duas dimensões, entre os grandes objectivos de “ressurgimento marítimo” e de “ressurgimento do País”, oferecendo um contributo para a compreensão da sua natureza e do seu impacto nas actividades ligadas ao mar, bem como nas correntes de pensamento político em Portugal, nas primeiras décadas do séc. XX.
At the initiative of a group of naval officers and civilians, following the movement that had developed in Europe and the Americas since 1894, the Portuguese Navy League was created in 1900, with the statutory purposes of promoting the resurgence of the Navy, merchant marine, fisheries and recreational boating. Combining personalities and associations of the civil society with connections to naval and maritime activities, the first years of the Navy League closely followed its founding purposes. In 1908, after the Regicide, at the initiative of its main leaders, the League launched a National Congress, whose aim was to find solutions to the country's problems, which were worsened by the permanent crisis that Portugal had been undergoing since 1890. This congress, which took place in May 1910, convened monarchists and republicans of different currents of thought and approved more than a hundred "final votes", which were intended to reflect the debate of the theses submitted to the event. The establishment of the Republic in October 1910 constituted an obstacle to the pursuance of that debate, but not to the continuation of the initiatives of the Navy League in the political field, as was the case of the creation of the Liga Nacional/ National League (1915-1918), whose activity, brief as it was, contributed to the currents of thought that later formed the ideological substratum of the Estado Novo/ New State (1933-1974). In the post-war period, during the Nova República Velha/ The New Old Republic /1919-1926) the Navy League went through a period of lesser activity, which lasted until 1930 when it was summoned to cooperate in the propaganda of the naval program by the Dictatorship (1926-1933). Subsequently and under heavy and long-lasting financial pressure, the League voluntarily suspended its activity in 1939. This thesis aims to study the two dimensions of the Naval League, amid its great objectives of "maritime resurgence" and of "National resurgence", offering a contribution to understand its nature and its impact on the activities related to the sea, as well as in the currents of political thought in Portugal in the first decades of the XXth century.
At the initiative of a group of naval officers and civilians, following the movement that had developed in Europe and the Americas since 1894, the Portuguese Navy League was created in 1900, with the statutory purposes of promoting the resurgence of the Navy, merchant marine, fisheries and recreational boating. Combining personalities and associations of the civil society with connections to naval and maritime activities, the first years of the Navy League closely followed its founding purposes. In 1908, after the Regicide, at the initiative of its main leaders, the League launched a National Congress, whose aim was to find solutions to the country's problems, which were worsened by the permanent crisis that Portugal had been undergoing since 1890. This congress, which took place in May 1910, convened monarchists and republicans of different currents of thought and approved more than a hundred "final votes", which were intended to reflect the debate of the theses submitted to the event. The establishment of the Republic in October 1910 constituted an obstacle to the pursuance of that debate, but not to the continuation of the initiatives of the Navy League in the political field, as was the case of the creation of the Liga Nacional/ National League (1915-1918), whose activity, brief as it was, contributed to the currents of thought that later formed the ideological substratum of the Estado Novo/ New State (1933-1974). In the post-war period, during the Nova República Velha/ The New Old Republic /1919-1926) the Navy League went through a period of lesser activity, which lasted until 1930 when it was summoned to cooperate in the propaganda of the naval program by the Dictatorship (1926-1933). Subsequently and under heavy and long-lasting financial pressure, the League voluntarily suspended its activity in 1939. This thesis aims to study the two dimensions of the Naval League, amid its great objectives of "maritime resurgence" and of "National resurgence", offering a contribution to understand its nature and its impact on the activities related to the sea, as well as in the currents of political thought in Portugal in the first decades of the XXth century.
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Liga Naval Portuguesa - História - 1910-1939 Portugal. Marinha - séc.20 Portugal - História - séc.20 Teses de doutoramento - 2020