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Physical and physiological responses of soccer players during a scrimmage played in heat conditions
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Introdução: O futebol é um desporto coletivo praticado em todo o mundo. Consequentemente, em algumas regiões do globo, os jogadores treinam e competem em condições de calor extremo. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as variações nas respostas físicas e fisiológicas e investigar as relações entre essas respostas em jogadores, durante jogos amigáveis de futebol disputados em diferentes condições de temperatura e humidade. Métodos: Dezoito jogadores de futebol masculinos adultos altamente treinados realizaram dois jogos amigáveis em condições de stress térmico moderado (MHS) e stress térmico elevado (HHS) com base no WBGT. As condições ambientais, temperatura interna do corpo (Tc), respostas físicas e fisiológicas foram medidas através de um sensor de temperatura (WBGT), uma cápsula termométrica ingerível, sistema global de posição (GPS) e cardiofrequencímetros, respetivamente. A perda de massa corporal, taxa estimada de sudorese, sensação térmica (TS) e perceção de esforço-sessão (s-PSE) também foram medidas. Resultados: Os jogadores percorreram uma distância maior na primeira parte do jogo MHS do que na segunda parte, e do que na primeira e segunda partes do jogo HHS. Verificou-se um maior número de sprints na primeira parte do jogo MHS do que na primeira parte do jogo HHS, e também um maior número de sprints na segunda parte do jogo MHS do que na segunda parte do jogo HHS. A Tc máxima e a frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) aumentaram significativamente face aos valores iniciais em ambos os jogos. Os maiores valores de FCmax foram registados no jogo HHS. Uma correlação positiva intra-sujeito foi encontrada entre a Tc máxima e a FCmax em ambos os jogos. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que em jogos de futebol amigáveis disputados sob condições de alta temperatura ambiental e humidade, as respostas físicas e fisiológicas dos jogadores podem ser prejudicadas devido ao alto stress térmico, e a Tc máxima está positivamente associada à FCmax .
Introduction: Soccer is a team sport practiced worldwide. Consequently, in some regions of the globe, players train and compete under conditions of extreme heat. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the variations in the physical and physiological responses and investigate the relations between these physical and physiological responses, in players during soccer scrimmages played in different conditions of environmental temperature and humidity. Methods: Eighteen highly-trained male adult soccer players performed two scrimmages in conditions of moderate heat stress (MHS) and high heat stress (HHS) based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Environmental conditions, core temperature (Tc), physical and physiological responses were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) sensor, an ingestible temperature pill, global positioning system (GPS) units and heart rate (HR) monitors, respectively. Body mass loss, estimated sweat rate, thermal sensation (TS) and session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were also measured. Results: Players covered more distance in the 1st half of MHS scrimmage than in the 2nd, and than the 1st and 2nd halves of HHS scrimmage. Players performed a greater number of sprints in the 1st half of MHS scrimmage than in the 1st half of HHS scrimmage, and also a greater number of sprints in the 2nd half of MHS scrimmage than in the 2nd half of HHS scrimmage. Peak Tc and peak HR (HRpeak) rose significantly compared with initial values in both scrimmages. The highest HR values were recorded in the HHS scrimmage. A large positive within-subject correlation was found between peak Tc and HRpeak in the MHS and HHS scrimmages. Conclusions: These findings propose that in soccer scrimmages played at high environmental temperature and humidity, the physical and physiological responses of the players may be impaired due to high thermal stress. It was also found that peak Tc was positively associated with HRpeak.
Introduction: Soccer is a team sport practiced worldwide. Consequently, in some regions of the globe, players train and compete under conditions of extreme heat. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the variations in the physical and physiological responses and investigate the relations between these physical and physiological responses, in players during soccer scrimmages played in different conditions of environmental temperature and humidity. Methods: Eighteen highly-trained male adult soccer players performed two scrimmages in conditions of moderate heat stress (MHS) and high heat stress (HHS) based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Environmental conditions, core temperature (Tc), physical and physiological responses were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) sensor, an ingestible temperature pill, global positioning system (GPS) units and heart rate (HR) monitors, respectively. Body mass loss, estimated sweat rate, thermal sensation (TS) and session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were also measured. Results: Players covered more distance in the 1st half of MHS scrimmage than in the 2nd, and than the 1st and 2nd halves of HHS scrimmage. Players performed a greater number of sprints in the 1st half of MHS scrimmage than in the 1st half of HHS scrimmage, and also a greater number of sprints in the 2nd half of MHS scrimmage than in the 2nd half of HHS scrimmage. Peak Tc and peak HR (HRpeak) rose significantly compared with initial values in both scrimmages. The highest HR values were recorded in the HHS scrimmage. A large positive within-subject correlation was found between peak Tc and HRpeak in the MHS and HHS scrimmages. Conclusions: These findings propose that in soccer scrimmages played at high environmental temperature and humidity, the physical and physiological responses of the players may be impaired due to high thermal stress. It was also found that peak Tc was positively associated with HRpeak.
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Atletas altamente treinados Humidade Frequência cardíaca Fadiga Temperatura interna Comprimido termométrico de telemetria Performance Variáveis de carga externa Temperatura ambiente WBG Core temperature Environmental temperature External variables Fatigue Heart rate Highly trained athletes Humidity Ingestible telemetric pill Performance WBGT