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A interação entre a sintomatologia depressiva, a qualidade de vida e os traços de personalidade em idosos portugueses
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A presente investigação baseia-se no estudo da personalidade e da qualidade de vida, numa amostra de idosos Portugueses da população geral, com evidência de sintomatologia depressiva diferencial. Comparando os dois grupos, com maior e menor sintomatologia depressiva, os objetivos são: 1 - explorar a relação entre os traços de personalidade, os domínios de qualidade de vida e as características sociodemográficas; 2 - comparar os resultados médios dos traços de personalidade; 3 - comparar os resultados médios dos domínios de qualidade de vida; e 4 - explorar os modelos de regressão que predizem os domínios da qualidade de vida com base nos traços de personalidade. A amostra é dividida em dois grupos, compostos por participantes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos de idade. O grupo com mais sintomatologia depressiva “Grupo D”, inclui 55 participantes (M = 74.62 anos; DP = 6.16 anos) sendo 65.50% do sexo feminino; o grupo com menos sintomatologia depressiva “Grupo SD”, inclui 53 participantes (M = 73.00 anos; DP = 6.04 anos), com 47.20% do sexo feminino. São utilizados três questionários de autorrelato: a Escala de Depressão (CES-D), o Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e o Inventário dos Cinco Fatores de Personalidade (NEO-FFI). No “Grupo D”, a estabilidade emocional, extroversão, conscienciosidade e amabilidade encontram-se significativamente mais baixas, assim como todos os domínios da qualidade de vida analisados (físico, psicológico, relações sociais e ambiente). No respeitante ao “Grupo D”: os fatores preditores do domínio físico são o neuroticismo (β = .19), extroversão (β = .48) e conscienciosidade (β = .33), com um valor de 98% da variância dos resultados explicada; os preditores do domínio psicológico são a extroversão (β = .39), abertura à experiência (β = .20) e conscienciosidade (β = .41), com 97% da variância explicada; os preditores das relações sociais são a extroversão (β = .43) e a conscienciosidade (β = .56), com 97% da variância explicada; e os preditores do ambiente são o neuroticismo (β = .29), extroversão (β = .42) e conscienciosidade (β = .30) com 97% da variância explicada. É analisada a interação entre os traços de personalidade, a participação em atividades, frequência e qualidade das relações interpessoais, estado de saúde e qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos. Os dados contribuem para a investigação do envelhecimento ativo. Os resultados são discutidos no âmbito da literatura existente, as implicações e limitações do estudo são identificadas e são sugeridas investigações futuras.
This research pertains to the field of personality and quality of life and seeks to study a sample of Portuguese elders in the general population, suffering from different levels of depressive symptoms. Through the comparison of both groups, suffering from more and less depressive symptomatology, the main purposes are: 1– to explore the relationship between personality traits, quality of life´s domains and sociodemographic variables; 2– to compare the mean values of each personality trait; 3 – to compare the mean values of each quality of life´s domains; 4 – to explore the personality traits as predictors to quality of life´s domains through regression models. The sample´s participants are divided into two groups, aged 65 years old or above. The group suffering from more depressive symptoms (“Group D”), includes 55 participants (M = 74.62 years; SD = 6.16 years) 65.50% of which are women, and the group suffering from fewer depressive symptoms (“Group SD”), includes 53 participants (M = 73.00 years; SD = 6.04 years), 47.20% of which are women. Three self-report questionnaires were employed: the Depression Scale (CES-D), the Quality-of-Life Assessment Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI). Emotional stability, extroversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness rate significantly lower in “Group D”, as well as all analysed quality of life´s domains (physical, psychological, social relations and environment). On “Group D”, the physical domain´s predictors are neuroticism (β = .19), extroversion (β = .48) and conscientiousness (β = .33), explaining 98% of variance; the psychological domain´s predictors are extroversion (β = .39), openness to experience (β = .20) and conscientiousness (β = .41), explaining 97% of variance; the social relations domain´s predictors are extroversion (β = .43) and conscientiousness (β = .56), explaining 97% of variance; and the environment domain´s predictors are neuroticism (β = .29), extroversion (β = .42) and conscientiousness (β = .30) explaining 97% of variance. Lastly, the interaction between personality traits, activity participation, quality and frequency of interpersonal relationships, health status and quality of life is analysed in both groups. The data contributes to the active aging´s research field and results are discussed, according to the literature review. The effects and possible roles of personality traits within the studied variables are considered. Implications and limitations are identified, and further research is suggested.
This research pertains to the field of personality and quality of life and seeks to study a sample of Portuguese elders in the general population, suffering from different levels of depressive symptoms. Through the comparison of both groups, suffering from more and less depressive symptomatology, the main purposes are: 1– to explore the relationship between personality traits, quality of life´s domains and sociodemographic variables; 2– to compare the mean values of each personality trait; 3 – to compare the mean values of each quality of life´s domains; 4 – to explore the personality traits as predictors to quality of life´s domains through regression models. The sample´s participants are divided into two groups, aged 65 years old or above. The group suffering from more depressive symptoms (“Group D”), includes 55 participants (M = 74.62 years; SD = 6.16 years) 65.50% of which are women, and the group suffering from fewer depressive symptoms (“Group SD”), includes 53 participants (M = 73.00 years; SD = 6.04 years), 47.20% of which are women. Three self-report questionnaires were employed: the Depression Scale (CES-D), the Quality-of-Life Assessment Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI). Emotional stability, extroversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness rate significantly lower in “Group D”, as well as all analysed quality of life´s domains (physical, psychological, social relations and environment). On “Group D”, the physical domain´s predictors are neuroticism (β = .19), extroversion (β = .48) and conscientiousness (β = .33), explaining 98% of variance; the psychological domain´s predictors are extroversion (β = .39), openness to experience (β = .20) and conscientiousness (β = .41), explaining 97% of variance; the social relations domain´s predictors are extroversion (β = .43) and conscientiousness (β = .56), explaining 97% of variance; and the environment domain´s predictors are neuroticism (β = .29), extroversion (β = .42) and conscientiousness (β = .30) explaining 97% of variance. Lastly, the interaction between personality traits, activity participation, quality and frequency of interpersonal relationships, health status and quality of life is analysed in both groups. The data contributes to the active aging´s research field and results are discussed, according to the literature review. The effects and possible roles of personality traits within the studied variables are considered. Implications and limitations are identified, and further research is suggested.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento Sintomas depressivos Traços de personalidade Pessoas idosas Qualidade de vida Psicologia clínica Dissertações de mestrado - 2023