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A luz na interpretação visual da obra de arte
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A presente dissertação analisa e destaca a importância da iluminação na
interpretação visual da obra de arte, em contexto museográfico. De facto, a luz detém
potencialidades estéticas e semânticas que, devidamente estudadas e implementadas na
iluminação expositiva, permitem revelar a autenticidade da obra de arte e facultar uma
correcta literacia artística e uma boa interpretação visual.
O estudo aprofundado desta temática, envolve uma abordagem interdisciplinar
dos aspectos científicos mais significativos de aplicabilidade museográfica,
fundamentais para a compreensão da complexa inter-relação entre a luz, a visão e o
objecto. Neste âmbito, são analisadas as mais recentes investigações científicotecnológicas
na área da neurofisiologia da visão e do respectivo processamento cerebral,
novas teorias e modelos cognitivo-emocionais, importantes inovações luminotécnicas e
uma nova área de especialização museográfica, o design de iluminação.
Comprova-se que o conhecimento sobre estas matérias (descorado na maior
parte dos museus portugueses) é imprescindível ao conservador e ao museólogo ou
curador no desempenho das respectivas funções, em particular na investigação e no
inventário da obra de arte e no acompanhamento das diferentes fases de concepção,
montagem e manutenção da iluminação museográfica.
A dissertação é amplamente documentada por elementos comprovativos -
gráficos, estatísticas e fotografias - dela constando também a apreciação de três estudos
de caso e a criação de dois instrumentos de trabalho inéditos: o quadro de classificação
óptica dos principais materiais e técnicas artísticas e uma ficha técnica de iluminação.
Numa época vincada pela cultura visual e pela globalização do conhecimento, as
políticas museológicas têm procurado criar estratégias educativas, num propósito de
crescente envolvimento de públicos. A iluminação museográfica revela-se, neste
âmbito, uma das soluções basilares, enquanto instrumento eficaz de sublimação
estético-artística da obra de arte e um poderoso meio de captar a atenção visual e
desencadear a interpretação e a comunicação entre o público e o museu.
This thesis analyzes and points out the importance of lighting in the visual interpretation of the work of art in the context of museology. In fact, light withholds an aesthetic and semantic potential that, when properly studied and applied in the exhibition’s lighting system, it reveals the art work authenticity and allows the viewer a good visual interpretation of the piece. An in-depth study of this topic involves an interdisciplinary approach, which brings together the scientific aspects of museography and its practical application, so needed for understanding the complex interrelation between the light, vision and the object. To this effect, an analysis was conducted of the latest research findings on the neurophysiology of the vision and related cerebral processes, as well as on the new theories and cognitive-emotional models, lighting innovations and, a new specialization area in the field of museology, that of the lighting design. Although traditionally neglected by the large majority of the Portuguese museums, knowledge in the above mentioned subjects is essential to the museum's staff in the performance of their duties, from the curator to the conservator, in particular when conducting the historical research of the art work, doing the inventory, or in the follow-up of the different stages of planning, installation, and maintenance of museographic lighting. This thesis is widely supported by evidence: graphical, statistical and photographic. In addition, it focuses on the analysis of three case studies and the generation of two instruments of work: the list for optical classification of main materials and artistic techniques and the technical lighting report. In current times, characterized by a visual culture and the globalization of knowledge, museums have followed policies that support new educational strategies that further engage the public. Museum lighting plays a fundamental role as an efficient instrument of aesthetic and artistic supremacy of the work of art, and a powerful tool to attract the visual attention and open the way for the interpretation and dialogue between the public and museum.
This thesis analyzes and points out the importance of lighting in the visual interpretation of the work of art in the context of museology. In fact, light withholds an aesthetic and semantic potential that, when properly studied and applied in the exhibition’s lighting system, it reveals the art work authenticity and allows the viewer a good visual interpretation of the piece. An in-depth study of this topic involves an interdisciplinary approach, which brings together the scientific aspects of museography and its practical application, so needed for understanding the complex interrelation between the light, vision and the object. To this effect, an analysis was conducted of the latest research findings on the neurophysiology of the vision and related cerebral processes, as well as on the new theories and cognitive-emotional models, lighting innovations and, a new specialization area in the field of museology, that of the lighting design. Although traditionally neglected by the large majority of the Portuguese museums, knowledge in the above mentioned subjects is essential to the museum's staff in the performance of their duties, from the curator to the conservator, in particular when conducting the historical research of the art work, doing the inventory, or in the follow-up of the different stages of planning, installation, and maintenance of museographic lighting. This thesis is widely supported by evidence: graphical, statistical and photographic. In addition, it focuses on the analysis of three case studies and the generation of two instruments of work: the list for optical classification of main materials and artistic techniques and the technical lighting report. In current times, characterized by a visual culture and the globalization of knowledge, museums have followed policies that support new educational strategies that further engage the public. Museum lighting plays a fundamental role as an efficient instrument of aesthetic and artistic supremacy of the work of art, and a powerful tool to attract the visual attention and open the way for the interpretation and dialogue between the public and museum.
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Palavras-chave
Percepção visual Iluminação Exposições de arte Museus: exposições Teses de doutoramento 2012