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Claques portuenses : um estudo de grupos organizados de adeptos de futebol em contexto urbano
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A presente dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa que incidiu sobre as claques portuenses denominadas Super Dragões, Colectivo Ultras 95, Panteras Negras e Alma Salgueirista. As duas primeiras apoiam o Futebol Clube do Porto. Por sua vez, a claque Panteras Negras incentiva o Boavista Futebol Clube e a claque Alma Salgueirista o Sport Comércio e Salgueiros, sendo estes clubes da cidade do Porto. A investigação efectuada permitiu delinear uma breve história destas claques que foi enquadrada, não apenas no contexto de emergência das claques em Portugal e sua evolução, mas também no âmbito do Movimento Ultra. A origem e os princípios estruturantes deste movimento, bem como a influência que o mesmo sofreu do Hooliganismo (também abordado numa perspectiva histórica), são contemplados nesta dissertação. Neles radicam os valores e as práticas das claques portuenses observadas, ambos destacados no trabalho que agora se dá a conhecer. Este evidencia ainda a forma como as claques se organizam no sentido de alcançarem os seus objectivos, assim como a composição das claques portuenses, considerando para tal o género, idade, contexto familiar, proveniência residencial, ocupações profissionais e habilitações literárias. A posição dos membros das claques portuenses face à religião, à política e ao seu próprio futuro foi também abrangida por esta investigação. Esta dissertação evidencia ainda as motivações dos elementos das claques para participarem nestes grupos, assim como as suas experiências, narradas pelos próprios nos seus termos e destacando o significado que atribuem às mesmas, não só de participação nas claques, mas igualmente do seu envolvimento no trabalho, na escola, na família e na área onde residem. Um quadro interpretativo geral acerca das claques portuenses e dos seus membros será por fim apresentado, tendo-se considerado, para tal, a realidade empírica investigada e as principais perspectivas teóricas acerca do Hooliganismo e Movimento Ultra mencionadas nesta dissertação.
The thesis presents research carried out on the Portoan claques Super Dragões, Colectivo Ultras 95, Panteras Negras and Alma Salgueirista. The first two groups support Futebol Clube do Porto. Panteras Negras champions Boavista Futebol Clube, while Alma Salgueirista backs Sport Comércio e Salgueiros, the latter two being also clubs from the city of Porto. The research carried out allowed the outlining of a brief history of these groups set against the backdrop of not only the emergence of the claques in Portugal, but also of the Ultra Mouvement. The origin and structuring principles of this mouvement, as well as the influence that hooliganism had on it (the latter also aproached through an historic perspective) are dealt with in this thesis. In these two mouvements we find the roots of both the practices and values of the Portoan claques analysed, practices and values that are central to the study here presented. This study also highlights both the way the claques get organised in order to achieve their goals and the groups composition, namely according to gender, age, family context, place of residence, occupation/work and level of schooling. The Portoan claques members positioning in relation to religion, politics and their own future was also part of the scope of this research. This thesis brings out also the claques members motivation to be part of these groups, as well as their experiences as narrated by them and in their own words, underlining the sense they attribute to the former, not only in terms of claque membership, but also in terms of their relevance in the work, school, family and place of residendence contexts. A general interpretative framework on the Porto claques and their members will be presented, and for such purpose were taken in consideration both the ethnograpic reality observed and studied as well as the main theorectical perspectives on Hooliganism and Ultra Mouvement presented in this work.
The thesis presents research carried out on the Portoan claques Super Dragões, Colectivo Ultras 95, Panteras Negras and Alma Salgueirista. The first two groups support Futebol Clube do Porto. Panteras Negras champions Boavista Futebol Clube, while Alma Salgueirista backs Sport Comércio e Salgueiros, the latter two being also clubs from the city of Porto. The research carried out allowed the outlining of a brief history of these groups set against the backdrop of not only the emergence of the claques in Portugal, but also of the Ultra Mouvement. The origin and structuring principles of this mouvement, as well as the influence that hooliganism had on it (the latter also aproached through an historic perspective) are dealt with in this thesis. In these two mouvements we find the roots of both the practices and values of the Portoan claques analysed, practices and values that are central to the study here presented. This study also highlights both the way the claques get organised in order to achieve their goals and the groups composition, namely according to gender, age, family context, place of residence, occupation/work and level of schooling. The Portoan claques members positioning in relation to religion, politics and their own future was also part of the scope of this research. This thesis brings out also the claques members motivation to be part of these groups, as well as their experiences as narrated by them and in their own words, underlining the sense they attribute to the former, not only in terms of claque membership, but also in terms of their relevance in the work, school, family and place of residendence contexts. A general interpretative framework on the Porto claques and their members will be presented, and for such purpose were taken in consideration both the ethnograpic reality observed and studied as well as the main theorectical perspectives on Hooliganism and Ultra Mouvement presented in this work.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Sociais (Antropologia Social e Cultural), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais
Palavras-chave
Antropologia social e cultural Claques de futebol Hooliganismo Claques futebolísticas Clubes de futebol Movimento ultra Teses de doutoramento