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O estatuto jurídico dos “refugiados ambientais” perante o Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos
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As relações entre as migrações humanas e o meio ambiente são históricas, constituindo-se parte fundamental da sociedade. Contudo, nas últimas décadas este vínculo tem causado transtornos variados, haja vista o aumento de desastres ambientais e de efeitos sentidos das mudanças climáticas. Assim, esse estudo se propôs a investigar o estatuto dos migrantes forçados por causas ambientais, aqui denominados “refugiados ambientais”, especificamente no contexto do Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos. O tema foi sistematizado em quatro capítulos, tendo sido o primeiro sobre as migrações em si, o segundo voltado à consideração do direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado como um direito humano, o terceiro ao conceito de “refugiados ambientais e, finalmente, o quarto se aprofundou na análise regional do tema no continente americano. Diante das considerações apresentadas a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, análise documental e jurisprudencial, percebeu-se que os fluxos migratórios latino-americanos decorrentes de fatores ambientais são permeados pelas condições de vulnerabilidade da região e estas demandam atuações profundas, para além da abordagem da migração internacional. Além disso, concluiu-se que o SIDH não vem reconhecendo os “refugiados ambientais” como tal, mas sim como migrantes em situação específica, que devem contar com medidas de proteção para que, primeiramente, não precisem se deslocar e, caso isso ocorra, sejam acolhidos nos países de destino.
The relationship between human migration and the environment is a historical one, forming a fundamental part of society. However, in recent decades this link has caused a variety of problems, given the increase in environmental disasters and the perceived effects of climate change. Thus, this study set out to investigate the status of forced migrants for environmental reasons, here called "environmental refugees", specifically in the context of the Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights. The topic was systematized into four chapters, the first of which focused on migration itself, the second on the right to a balanced environment as a human right, the third on the concept of "environmental refugees" and, finally, the fourth delved into a regional analysis of the issue on the American continent. In view of the considerations presented based on a bibliographical survey, document, and case law analysis, it emerged that Latin American migratory flows resulting from environmental factors are permeated by the region's conditions of vulnerability and these demand in-depth action, going beyond the international migration approach. In addition, it was concluded that the ISHR has not been recognizing "environmental refugees" as such, but rather as migrants in a specific situation, who should have protection measures in place so that, firstly, they don't have to move and, if they do, they are welcomed in the countries of destination.
The relationship between human migration and the environment is a historical one, forming a fundamental part of society. However, in recent decades this link has caused a variety of problems, given the increase in environmental disasters and the perceived effects of climate change. Thus, this study set out to investigate the status of forced migrants for environmental reasons, here called "environmental refugees", specifically in the context of the Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights. The topic was systematized into four chapters, the first of which focused on migration itself, the second on the right to a balanced environment as a human right, the third on the concept of "environmental refugees" and, finally, the fourth delved into a regional analysis of the issue on the American continent. In view of the considerations presented based on a bibliographical survey, document, and case law analysis, it emerged that Latin American migratory flows resulting from environmental factors are permeated by the region's conditions of vulnerability and these demand in-depth action, going beyond the international migration approach. In addition, it was concluded that the ISHR has not been recognizing "environmental refugees" as such, but rather as migrants in a specific situation, who should have protection measures in place so that, firstly, they don't have to move and, if they do, they are welcomed in the countries of destination.
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Refugiados ambientais Migrantes Alterações climáticas Fluxos migratórios Protecção dos direitos humanos Teses de mestrado - 2024 Environmental refugees Migrants Climate change Migratory flows Protection of human rights