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Criação de rotas adequadas ao acesso de crianças em bicicleta à escola: Algoritmo COMSIG
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Resumo(s)
Em 2022, 51,9% das crianças matriculadas no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico em Lisboa
iam para a escola de automóvel e apenas 1,3% de bicicleta, skate ou patins (CML, 2022).
Apesar da residência dos alunos estar habitualmente a uma distância que estes possam
cobrir em modos ativos, este valor está longe de acompanhar esse pressuposto,
desafiando os esforços de promoção da mobilidade sustentável e da saúde infantil,
inscritas nos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas, e as metas
de utilização da bicicleta defendidas na Estratégia Nacional da Mobilidade Ativa Ciclável.
Para contrariar esta tendência, têm sido criados programas de mobilidade ativa escolar
como os Comboios de Bicicleta (grupo de crianças que se desloca para a escola de
bicicleta, acompanhadas de monitores). No entanto, o planeamento destes programas não
tem sido executado de forma automática e generalizável a qualquer escola. Acrescente-se
que os algoritmos de planeamento de percursos em bicicleta têm sido desenvolvidos para
um público-alvo diferente de uma criança (normalmente adultos, para viagens de lazer ou
utilitárias), que têm necessidades diferentes.
Pretende-se com esta dissertação aprofundar o estudo de um algoritmo de
planeamento de rotas adaptadas para crianças em bicicleta, com base em fatores de
ponderação como a segurança e o conforto.
Através do uso de ferramentas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) é possível
sintetizar o processo de criação de rotas, considerando os locais de residência dos alunos,
através da ponderação dos fatores que melhor se adequem à circulação de crianças em
bicicleta.
O algoritmo criado, denominado ComSIG, automatiza o processo de criação de rotas
para crianças em bicicleta e expande-se para a criação de rotas para todos os alunos de
uma escola.
Os resultados desta dissertação servirão para informar o planeamento otimizado de
rotas seguras para as escolas, apoiando a transição da mobilidade escolar para modos
ativos.
In 2022, 51.9% of children enrolled in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education in Lisbon traveled to school by car, while only 1.3% used a bicycle, skateboard, or rollerblades (CML, 2022). Although students typically live within a distance that could be covered using active modes of transportation, this figure does not reflect that assumption, challenging efforts to promote sustainable mobility and child health, as outlined in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the bicycle usage targets advocated in the National Active Cycling Mobility Strategy. To counter this trend, active school mobility programs such as "Bike Buses" (groups of children cycling to school accompanied by monitors) have been created. However, the planning of these programs has not been executed in a way that is automatic or easily generalizable to any school. Additionally, route planning algorithms for cycling have been developed for a target audience different from children (typically adults, for leisure or utility trips), who have different needs. This dissertation aims to deepen the study of a route planning algorithm adapted for children cycling, based on weighting factors such as safety and comfort. Through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools, it is possible to streamline the route creation process, considering the students' residential locations and weighting the factors that best suit children's cycling needs. The algorithm developed, called ComSIG, automates the process of creating routes for children on bicycles and extends to creating routes for all students at a school. The results of this dissertation will serve to inform the optimized planning of safe routes to schools, supporting the transition of school mobility to active modes.
In 2022, 51.9% of children enrolled in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education in Lisbon traveled to school by car, while only 1.3% used a bicycle, skateboard, or rollerblades (CML, 2022). Although students typically live within a distance that could be covered using active modes of transportation, this figure does not reflect that assumption, challenging efforts to promote sustainable mobility and child health, as outlined in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the bicycle usage targets advocated in the National Active Cycling Mobility Strategy. To counter this trend, active school mobility programs such as "Bike Buses" (groups of children cycling to school accompanied by monitors) have been created. However, the planning of these programs has not been executed in a way that is automatic or easily generalizable to any school. Additionally, route planning algorithms for cycling have been developed for a target audience different from children (typically adults, for leisure or utility trips), who have different needs. This dissertation aims to deepen the study of a route planning algorithm adapted for children cycling, based on weighting factors such as safety and comfort. Through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools, it is possible to streamline the route creation process, considering the students' residential locations and weighting the factors that best suit children's cycling needs. The algorithm developed, called ComSIG, automates the process of creating routes for children on bicycles and extends to creating routes for all students at a school. The results of this dissertation will serve to inform the optimized planning of safe routes to schools, supporting the transition of school mobility to active modes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comboios de bicicleta Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Mobilidade Bicicleta Crianças