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Cuidados paliativos e o desejo de morte antecipada
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Introdução / Contextualização
Os doentes com patologias incuráveis e/ou graves, a quem são prestados cuidados paliativos, experienciam um fenómeno complexo denominado desejo de morte antecipada. Este conceito, que tem sido cada vez mais alvo de estudo, ainda não se encontra bem definido, sendo que estudos recentes apontam para uma associação do mesmo com o sofrimento.
Objetivos / Hipóteses
Fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre o conceito de desejo de morte antecipada, com o intuito de compreender os múltiplos fatores que a ele estão associados. Pretendeu-se perceber o modo como a abordagem holística por parte dos cuidados paliativos pode detetar este fenómeno e agir sobre o mesmo, numa perspetiva de não-abandono.
Métodos
Selecionaram-se 17 artigos, publicados entre 2012 e 2021 (inclusive), após pesquisa na base de dados PubMed©, entre Agosto de 2021 e Dezembro 2021, de artigos escritos em inglês, com as associações das seguintes palavras-chave: (“desire” or “wish”) and (“hasten death”) and (“palliative” or “terminal” or “hospice”).
Resultados
A maioria dos artigos são europeus (n=13), quatro são americanos; tratando-se sobretudo de estudos transversais (n=12), publicados em 2021 (n=6).
Conclusões
O desejo de morte antecipada é um fenómeno complexo e reativo, constituindo uma resposta a um sofrimento multidimensional. A inexistência de tratamento futuro, a impossibilidade de ter uma vida com significado, o sentimento de fardo em relação aos familiares e a dependência são algumas das principais condições identificadas como preponderantes para o desejo de morte antecipada, tendo mais peso do que o sofrimento físico.
Introduction/Context Patients with untreatable and/or severe pathologies, who receive palliative care, experience a complex phenomenon denoted as wish to hasten death. This concept, that has been increasingly studied, still doesn´t have a standard definition. However, recent studies link this concept with suffering. Goals/Hypothesis There has been a revision of the literature regarding the concept of the wish to hasten death with the intention to understand the multiple factors that are associated with it. It was intended to understand how the holistic approach of palliative care can detect this phenomenon and act upon it, with a non-abandonment perspective. Methods 17 articles were selected, published between 2012 and 2021 (including), after a search of English written articles in the PubMed© database, between August of 2021 and December of 2021, based on the association of the following words: (“desire” or “wish”) and (“hasten death”) and (“palliative” or “terminal” or “hospice”). Results The majority of the articles are european (n=13), four are american; regarding mainly transversal studies (n=12), published in 2021 (n=6). Conclusions The wish to hasten death is a complex and relative phenomenon, comprising an answer to a multidimensional suffering. The inexistence of a future treatment, the impossibility of having a meaningful life, the feeling of burden regarding family relationships and the dependency are some of the main conditions identified as determinant for the wish to hasten death, outweighing the physical suffering.
Introduction/Context Patients with untreatable and/or severe pathologies, who receive palliative care, experience a complex phenomenon denoted as wish to hasten death. This concept, that has been increasingly studied, still doesn´t have a standard definition. However, recent studies link this concept with suffering. Goals/Hypothesis There has been a revision of the literature regarding the concept of the wish to hasten death with the intention to understand the multiple factors that are associated with it. It was intended to understand how the holistic approach of palliative care can detect this phenomenon and act upon it, with a non-abandonment perspective. Methods 17 articles were selected, published between 2012 and 2021 (including), after a search of English written articles in the PubMed© database, between August of 2021 and December of 2021, based on the association of the following words: (“desire” or “wish”) and (“hasten death”) and (“palliative” or “terminal” or “hospice”). Results The majority of the articles are european (n=13), four are american; regarding mainly transversal studies (n=12), published in 2021 (n=6). Conclusions The wish to hasten death is a complex and relative phenomenon, comprising an answer to a multidimensional suffering. The inexistence of a future treatment, the impossibility of having a meaningful life, the feeling of burden regarding family relationships and the dependency are some of the main conditions identified as determinant for the wish to hasten death, outweighing the physical suffering.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Atitudes perante a morte Cuidados paliativos Direito a morrer Direitos dos doentes Preferências dos doentes