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Electrões inobserváveis e estrelas invisíveis: em torno do problema do Realismo em Ciência: Bas C. van Fraassen versus Alan Musgrave
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esta tese tem por objecto o problema do realismo em ciência. Para tanto, começamos por confrontar, em relação a uma série de questões relevantes, as perspectivas dos filósofos realistas, semi-realistas e anti-realistas que mais se têm destacado nas últimas décadas. São depois analisados textos de dois intervenientes nesse debate: ‘Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism’ de Bas C. van Fraassen, no qual o autor propõe a sua posição empirista construtiva; e ‘Realism versus Constructive Empiricism’ de Alan Musgrave, que tenta rebater o empirismo construtivo de van Fraassen, argumentando a favor das teses realistas. Segue-se a exposição da nossa posição no mesmo debate: apontam-se as fragilidades do empirismo construtivo e conclui-se que o realismo é teoricamente mais consistente e mais fiel ao espírito da ciência moderna. Em apêndice, são apresentadas as traduções para língua portuguesa dos dois textos acima referidos.
The aim of this thesis is to revisit the problem of realism in science. Hence we start by confronting the perspectives concerning some relevant issues of the realist, semi-realist and non-realist philosophers who stood out during the last few decades. Then we analyse texts by two of the participants in this debate: Bas C van Fraassen’s‘ Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism’, where the author states his constructive empiricist position; and ‘Realism versus Constructive Empiricism’, by Alan Musgrave, who tries to rebut van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism, argumenting in favour of the realist theses. All this is followed by the reveal of where we stand in this very debate :we point to the weaknesses of constructive empiricism and we conclude that realism is theoretically more consistent and more in compliance with the spirit of modern science. In attachment, we present the translation into Portuguese of both the writings mentioned above.
The aim of this thesis is to revisit the problem of realism in science. Hence we start by confronting the perspectives concerning some relevant issues of the realist, semi-realist and non-realist philosophers who stood out during the last few decades. Then we analyse texts by two of the participants in this debate: Bas C van Fraassen’s‘ Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism’, where the author states his constructive empiricist position; and ‘Realism versus Constructive Empiricism’, by Alan Musgrave, who tries to rebut van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism, argumenting in favour of the realist theses. All this is followed by the reveal of where we stand in this very debate :we point to the weaknesses of constructive empiricism and we conclude that realism is theoretically more consistent and more in compliance with the spirit of modern science. In attachment, we present the translation into Portuguese of both the writings mentioned above.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, História e Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2009
Palavras-chave
Ciência Realismo Empirismo Observação Matafísica Teses de mestrado - 2009