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Estudo do stress competitivo em adolescentes em competição
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Introdução: Os sintomas do foro mental, nomeadamente de ansiedade, têm elevada prevalência nos atletas. A competição desportiva é uma potencial fonte de stress nesta população. Estando os adolescentes numa fase de transição bio-psico-social, estão mais suscetíveis a eventos de stress e são, por vezes, incapazes de adquirir estratégias de coping a estes mesmos eventos. Pretendeu-se avaliar o nível de Stress Competitivo e das suas dimensões associado ao rendimento desportivo de atletas de uma população adolescente, identificando potenciais associações com variáveis demográficas (sexo, idade, nível de competição, tipo de desporto, duração do período de competição e carga de treino semanal).
Métodos: Foi feito um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal em adolescentes entre os 10 e os 19 anos que faziam competição desportiva. Para avaliação do Stress Competitivo foi utilizado foi o Questionário de Stress na Competição Desportiva (QSCD), ao qual foram adicionadas as variáveis demográficas.
Resultados: Foram considerados válidos questionários de 139 participantes (59% do sexo feminino; idade mediana de 15 anos; AIQ = 4 anos). Cerca de 38% dos participantes reportaram stress nos dois níveis mais elevados (“bastante” ou “elevado”). A dimensão associada a maior nível de stress foi Cometer Erros. Houve uma associação entre níveis de stress mais elevados com o sexo feminino, modalidades individuais, maior número de anos de competição e maior carga de treino semanal.
Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que há necessidade de programas de prevenção e combate ao stress em atletas adolescentes, em particular no sexo feminino e em níveis mais avançados de competição. Estes dados poderão orientar futuras intervenções preventivas e terapêuticas, que contribuam para que competição desportiva na adolescência seja vivida em plenitude, com bem-estar psicológico, potenciando a motivação e a manutenção da prática de exercício físico ao longo da vida.
Background: Mental health symptoms, such as anxiety, are common in athletes. Competition can be a potential stressor for this population. Adolescents are in a biopsychosocial transition phase, so they are more susceptible to stressors and may not be able to acquire coping mechanisms to deal with those stressors. This study sought to 1) determine the level of Competitive Stress and its dimensions related to performance of adolescent athletes, 2) study the influence of sex, age, type of sport, level of competition, training load and duration of competitive period on Competitive Stress. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with adolescents whose age ranged from 10 to 19 years old who participate in sport competition. The Competitive Stress of the participants was assessed using the Questionário de Stress na Competição Desportiva (QSCD), to which were added demographic variables. Results: The total population studied included 139 participants (59% girls; median age:15; interquartile range:4). Approximately 38% of all the cohort experienced the two higher levels of stress (levels 3 and 4). The dimension of competitive stress with higher level of stress was the fear of making mistakes. It was reported higher levels of stress in girls, individual sports and higher-level athletes. Higher level stress was positively associated with training load and duration of the competitive period. Conclusion: Measures to prevent and decrease stress in adolescent athletes are needed, especially for girls and higher levels of competition. These results may guide prospective measures so competition in adolescence can become a healthy environment that contributes to psychological well-being and motivate adolescentes to keep exercising.
Background: Mental health symptoms, such as anxiety, are common in athletes. Competition can be a potential stressor for this population. Adolescents are in a biopsychosocial transition phase, so they are more susceptible to stressors and may not be able to acquire coping mechanisms to deal with those stressors. This study sought to 1) determine the level of Competitive Stress and its dimensions related to performance of adolescent athletes, 2) study the influence of sex, age, type of sport, level of competition, training load and duration of competitive period on Competitive Stress. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with adolescents whose age ranged from 10 to 19 years old who participate in sport competition. The Competitive Stress of the participants was assessed using the Questionário de Stress na Competição Desportiva (QSCD), to which were added demographic variables. Results: The total population studied included 139 participants (59% girls; median age:15; interquartile range:4). Approximately 38% of all the cohort experienced the two higher levels of stress (levels 3 and 4). The dimension of competitive stress with higher level of stress was the fear of making mistakes. It was reported higher levels of stress in girls, individual sports and higher-level athletes. Higher level stress was positively associated with training load and duration of the competitive period. Conclusion: Measures to prevent and decrease stress in adolescent athletes are needed, especially for girls and higher levels of competition. These results may guide prospective measures so competition in adolescence can become a healthy environment that contributes to psychological well-being and motivate adolescentes to keep exercising.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Atletas Adolescentes Stress competitivo Ansiedade Competição