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A desestadualização na busca pela concretização do direito fundamental à segurança : uma análise a partir da privatização das tarefas da administração pública
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Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho objetiva realizar uma análise sobre as possibilidades jurídicas da privatização das tarefas públicas, em específico as relacionadas à segurança pública, com vistas à concretização do direito fundamental à segurança. Por um lado, a segurança pública, principalmente o uso da força, é monopólio do Estado, cujo exercício é fundamental para a garantia da soberania estatal, de modo que cabe à Administração Pública a sua concretização através de tarefas públicas. Por outro, a segurança é um direito fundamental de todo cidadão, sendo, ainda, indispensável para o processo do desenvolvimento. Partindo desta dialética, o presente trabalho inicia seu estudo a partir da evolução do papel do Estado na concretização dos direitos fundamentais, em que se percebe que, com o passar dos anos, o Estado abarcou cada vez mais tarefas para si, sem conseguir concretizar de maneira eficiente. Em virtude disto, aos poucos, o próprio Estado passa a delegar algumas tarefas aos privados, além de que cresce o anseio por proteção mais efetiva em uma sociedade complexa e plural, de forma que os particulares objetivam garantir a sua própria proteção, seja através do uso de armas seja através da contratação de empresas privadas de segurança, as quais passam a atuar na concretização do interesse público da segurança. Se é certo que as empresas privadas não atuam, a priori, na segurança pública, percebe-se que, cada vez mais, estas assumem função complementar e subsidiária ao ente estatal. Não obstante isto, entendemos, ainda, que há espaço tanto na polícia administrativa quanto na polícia judiciária – excepcionando-se o uso da força – de delegação estas atividades a sujeitos privados. Da mesma forma ocorre quanto ao sistema penitenciário, em que, classificado como “inferno na terra”, a gestão privada passa a ser uma possibilidade real para a mudança dessa realidade e a efetiva concretização dos direitos fundamentais dos presos. Isto posto, analisamos os espaços em que tais situações ocorrem, o que inclui a debater o regime jurídico aplicado, bem como os limites e possibilidades.
This paper aims to analyze the legal possibilities of privatization of public tasks, specifically as related to public security, with a view to realizing the fundamental right to security. On the one hand, public security, especially the use of force, is a state´s monopoly, whose exercise is essential for the guarantee of state´s sovereignty, so that it is up to the Public Administration to implement it through public tasks. On the other hand, security is a fundamental right of every citizen, and is also indispensable for the development process. Starting from this dialectic, the present work begins its study from the evolution of the role of the State in the realization of the fundamental rights, in which it is perceived that, over the years, the State has taken on more and more tasks for itself, without being able to concretize efficiently. Because of this, little by little the State itself delegates some tasks to the private ones, in addition to the desire for more effective protection in a complex and plural society, so that the private individuals aim to guarantee their own protection, either through use of weapons is through the hiring of private security companies, which begin to act in the realization of the public interest of security. While it is true that private companies do not act, a priori, in public security, it is perceived that, increasingly, these assume a complementary and subsidiary function to the state entity. Notwithstanding this, we also understand that there is space in both the administrative police and the judicial police - except for the use of force - to delegate these activities to private individuals. Similarly, in the penitentiary system, in which, classified as "hell on earth", private management becomes a real possibility for the change of this reality and the effective realization of the fundamental rights of prisoners. That said, we analyze the spaces in which such situations occur, which includes debating the legal regime applied, as well as the limits and possibilities.
This paper aims to analyze the legal possibilities of privatization of public tasks, specifically as related to public security, with a view to realizing the fundamental right to security. On the one hand, public security, especially the use of force, is a state´s monopoly, whose exercise is essential for the guarantee of state´s sovereignty, so that it is up to the Public Administration to implement it through public tasks. On the other hand, security is a fundamental right of every citizen, and is also indispensable for the development process. Starting from this dialectic, the present work begins its study from the evolution of the role of the State in the realization of the fundamental rights, in which it is perceived that, over the years, the State has taken on more and more tasks for itself, without being able to concretize efficiently. Because of this, little by little the State itself delegates some tasks to the private ones, in addition to the desire for more effective protection in a complex and plural society, so that the private individuals aim to guarantee their own protection, either through use of weapons is through the hiring of private security companies, which begin to act in the realization of the public interest of security. While it is true that private companies do not act, a priori, in public security, it is perceived that, increasingly, these assume a complementary and subsidiary function to the state entity. Notwithstanding this, we also understand that there is space in both the administrative police and the judicial police - except for the use of force - to delegate these activities to private individuals. Similarly, in the penitentiary system, in which, classified as "hell on earth", private management becomes a real possibility for the change of this reality and the effective realization of the fundamental rights of prisoners. That said, we analyze the spaces in which such situations occur, which includes debating the legal regime applied, as well as the limits and possibilities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direitos Fundamentais Privatização Segurança Pública Função Pública Administração Pública Fundamental Rights Privatization Public Security public function Public administration