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Impacte das vagas de COVID-19 no consumo energético e nas emissões de gases com efeito de estufa nacionais
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As rotinas dos portugueses sofreram grandes alterações devido ao aparecimento de um novo coronavírus
que levou à implementação de dois confinamentos gerais da população, em 2020 e 2021. Esta
dissertação pretende entender de que maneira a pandemia teve impacto no consumo energético e nas
emissões de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) em diferentes setores e municípios.
Foi realizado uma comparação dos valores obtidos com os valores de referência de 2019 e a média de
valores entre 2016 e 2019. Estas análises tiveram como dados obtidos das bases de dados da Direção
Geral de Energia e Geologia (DGEG), Rede energética Nacional (REN), Agência Portuguesa do
Ambiente (APA) e Pordata.
O consumo de energia elétrica em 2020, durante a semana, aproxima-se do consumo de fim-de-semana
embora este continue a ser inferior. O mês onde foi verificado uma maior variação dos consumos e
emissões de GEE foi em Abril no 1ºconfinamento (2020) e em Fevereiro no 2ºconfinamento (2021)
onde foi possível observar que o setor mais afetado correspondeu ao dos transportes, devendo-se
maioritariamente aos transportes aéreos, tendo diminuído o consumo de jet fuel em 93% e 79%
relativamente a 2019, respetivamente, que levou também a uma diminuição, proporcional, das emissões
de GEE. Verificou-se também que, no setor doméstico não ocorreu uma variação significativa nos
consumos de energia elétrica possivelmente devido ao aumento do teletrabalho refletir mais consumo
de energia ao nível de computadores, microondas e luz, geralmente menores que o consumo do
frigorifico. O consumo de gás natural aumentou em 3%, no ano de 2020 relativamente a 2019 e no ano
de 2021 ocorreu uma diminuição de 20%, podendo dever-se ao facto de os valores não estarem
corrigidos com a temperatura exterior. Relativamente à diferença entre municípios, foi possível verificar
que o impacto na diminuição do consumo de eletricidade, gasóleo e gasolina foi mais notório em Lisboa
e na diminuição de consumo de gás natural no Porto.
The routines of the portuguese have undergone major changes due to the emergence of a new coronavirus that led to the implementation of two lockdowns, in 2020 and 2021. This dissertation aims to understand how the pandemic had an impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in different sectors and municipalities. A comparison of the values obtained with the 2019 reference values and the average of values between 2016 and 2019 was performed. These analyses come from data obtained from the databases of the General Directorate of Energy and Geology (DGEG), National Energy Network (REN), Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) and Pordata. The electricity consumption in 2020 during the week is close to the weekend consumption although this is still lower. The month where there was a greater variation in consumption and GHG emissions was in April during the 1st lockdown (2020) and in February on the 2nd lockdown (2021) where it was possible to observe that the most affected sector corresponded to the transport sector, mainly due to air transport having decreased jet fuel consumption by 93% and 79% compared to 2019, respectively, which also led to a proportional decrease in GHG emissions. It was also found that in the domestic sector there was no significant variation in electricity consumption possibly due to the increase in teleworking reflecting more energy consumption at the level of computers, microwaves, and light, that are generally lower than the consumption of the refrigerator. The consumption of natural gas increased by 3% in the year 2020 relative to 2019 and in the year 2021 there was a 20% decrease, possibly because the values are not corrected with the outside temperature. Regarding the difference between municipalities, it was possible to verify that the impact in the decrease of electricity, diesel and gasoline consumption was more notable in Lisbon and in the decrease of natural gas consumption in Porto.
The routines of the portuguese have undergone major changes due to the emergence of a new coronavirus that led to the implementation of two lockdowns, in 2020 and 2021. This dissertation aims to understand how the pandemic had an impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in different sectors and municipalities. A comparison of the values obtained with the 2019 reference values and the average of values between 2016 and 2019 was performed. These analyses come from data obtained from the databases of the General Directorate of Energy and Geology (DGEG), National Energy Network (REN), Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) and Pordata. The electricity consumption in 2020 during the week is close to the weekend consumption although this is still lower. The month where there was a greater variation in consumption and GHG emissions was in April during the 1st lockdown (2020) and in February on the 2nd lockdown (2021) where it was possible to observe that the most affected sector corresponded to the transport sector, mainly due to air transport having decreased jet fuel consumption by 93% and 79% compared to 2019, respectively, which also led to a proportional decrease in GHG emissions. It was also found that in the domestic sector there was no significant variation in electricity consumption possibly due to the increase in teleworking reflecting more energy consumption at the level of computers, microwaves, and light, that are generally lower than the consumption of the refrigerator. The consumption of natural gas increased by 3% in the year 2020 relative to 2019 and in the year 2021 there was a 20% decrease, possibly because the values are not corrected with the outside temperature. Regarding the difference between municipalities, it was possible to verify that the impact in the decrease of electricity, diesel and gasoline consumption was more notable in Lisbon and in the decrease of natural gas consumption in Porto.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Pandemia Confinamentos Teletrabalho Transportes CO2eq Teses de mestrado - 2023