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Ansiedade generalizada em estudantes de medicina : revisão narrativa
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Os estudantes de medicina são um alvo particular de ansiedade generalizada, pois a formação médica tem indutores de stress distintos, impactando o indivíduo não só durante a formação, como no seu futuro como médico. Deste modo, foi considerado essencial avaliar o panorama dos últimos 5 anos, possibilitando o estudo das circunstâncias e dos padrões identificáveis.
Foram pesquisados, a partir do PubMed, artigos originais que abordavam prevalências de ansiedade generalizada em estudantes de medicina. Foi utilizada a combinação: anxiety + “medical students” e filtrados os artigos dos últimos 5 anos com acesso através dos recursos online da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa ao artigo completo. Foi utilizado o modelo PRISMA para excluir artigos, restando 116 para avaliação.
Foram encontradas prevalências de ansiedade generalizada em estudantes de medicina muito variáveis, desde 3,6% até 82,8%, e em Portugal de 23,6% e 65,3%. Em relação ao género, 30 artigos relatam prevalências superiores de ansiedade no género feminino, em contraste com apenas 5 no género masculino. Consoante o ciclo de estudo, 8 artigos relatam ansiedade superior em anos pré-clínicos e apenas 3 descrevem o mesmo em anos clínicos. Parece também haver alguma congruência que as prevalências de ansiedade são superiores no primeiro ano do curso. Comparativamente à população geral, os estudantes de medicina aparentam ter maiores prevalências de ansiedade. O sucesso académico parece ter preponderância nos níveis de ansiedade, pois encontram-se prevalências mais elevadas nos alunos com mais reprovações/menores médias. Independentemente da abordagem avaliada, observa-se uma melhoria da ansiedade após estratégia de intervenção (mindfulness/psicoterapia).
Posto isto, mantém-se a necessidade de intervir, tanto a nível individual como a nível institucional, com a criação de programas de apoio que garantam confidencialidade e conforto desta população, e assim mitigar as barreiras à adesão e garantir o acesso dos indivíduos que mais precisam destes.
Medical students are a particularly targeted with generalized anxiety because the training has specific stressors, with an impact on the individual, not only during education but also in their future as a doctor. Thus, it was deemed essential to evaluate the previous 5 years, allowing the study of the circumstances and observable patterns. PubMed was searched to identify original studies that approached the topic of generalized anxiety in medical students. The word combination used was anxiety + “medical students”, and results were filtered to present articles from the last 5 years that provided access to the full text. To exclude studies, the PRISMA model was used, resulting in 116 articles for study. The prevalence of generalized anxiety in medical students varied significantly, ranging from 3,6% to 82,8%, and in Portugal, 23,6% and 65,3%. Regarding gender, 30 studies reported higher prevalence of anxiety in females, in contrast to only 5 in males. Bearing in mind the study cycle, 8 studies reported higher anxiety in preclinical years, with only 3 studies describing the same in clinical years. There also seems to be some level agreeance that the prevalence of anxiety is higher in the first year of studies. Comparing to the general population, medical students appear to have a higher prevalence of anxiety. Academic success to have an impact in anxiety levels, as higher prevalence is found in students with more failures/lower grade point averages. Regardless of the accessed approach, an improvement in anxiety levels were observed after intervention (mindfulness or psychotherapy). There is still a need to intervene, both at an individual and institutional level, with the establishment of support systems that guarantee discretion and comfort for these students. Consequently, mitigating the barriers to enrolling in said programs and ensuring access for the people who need them most.
Medical students are a particularly targeted with generalized anxiety because the training has specific stressors, with an impact on the individual, not only during education but also in their future as a doctor. Thus, it was deemed essential to evaluate the previous 5 years, allowing the study of the circumstances and observable patterns. PubMed was searched to identify original studies that approached the topic of generalized anxiety in medical students. The word combination used was anxiety + “medical students”, and results were filtered to present articles from the last 5 years that provided access to the full text. To exclude studies, the PRISMA model was used, resulting in 116 articles for study. The prevalence of generalized anxiety in medical students varied significantly, ranging from 3,6% to 82,8%, and in Portugal, 23,6% and 65,3%. Regarding gender, 30 studies reported higher prevalence of anxiety in females, in contrast to only 5 in males. Bearing in mind the study cycle, 8 studies reported higher anxiety in preclinical years, with only 3 studies describing the same in clinical years. There also seems to be some level agreeance that the prevalence of anxiety is higher in the first year of studies. Comparing to the general population, medical students appear to have a higher prevalence of anxiety. Academic success to have an impact in anxiety levels, as higher prevalence is found in students with more failures/lower grade point averages. Regardless of the accessed approach, an improvement in anxiety levels were observed after intervention (mindfulness or psychotherapy). There is still a need to intervene, both at an individual and institutional level, with the establishment of support systems that guarantee discretion and comfort for these students. Consequently, mitigating the barriers to enrolling in said programs and ensuring access for the people who need them most.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Ansiedade generalizada Estudantes de medicina Prevalência Revisão Psiquiatria