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Espaços verdes, qualidade do ar e saúde da população: análise espacial das cidades europeias
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A presente investigação prende-se com uma das questões mais importantes na atualidade, o estado de saúde da população, sobretudo em ambiente urbano. A estrutura urbana, em especial os espaços verdes urbanos, têm vindo a ser uma potencial solução para problemas ambientais, nomeadamente no combate à poluição atmosférica. Desta forma o presente estudo propõe o desenvolvimento de um modelo de análise exploratória de relações de (inter)dependência, incluindo a componente espacial, tendo em conta um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade do ar, uso do solo, de perfis demográficos e socioeconómicos das cidades europeias.
A metodologia que se apresenta pressupõe a aplicação de métodos de análise multivariada ao conjunto de indicadores, agrupados por dimensões, de forma a permitir identificar padrões e relações de interdependência pelas cidades europeias. Posteriormente, com recurso a métodos de regressão linear, nomeadamente de análise estatística espacial, tentou-se identificar uma relação entre a taxa de mortalidade em indivíduos com menos de 65 anos por doenças do sistema respiratório e circulatório (assumida como variável dependente) e os vários contextos espaciais das restantes variáveis independentes em cada cidade.
Os resultados alcançados sugerem a existência de uma relação entre os poluentes atmosféricos e a mortalidade prematura, e revelam que o comportamento da área verde urbana por habitante pouco interfere nesta relação. Observando-se padrões territoriais com diferenciações regionais na Europa (entre o Norte/Leste e o Sul e o Centro). A consideração da componente espacial, permitiu investigar as relações geográficas, onde os efeitos de proximidade se apresentam relevantes para representar e compreender variações espaciais entre a incidência da mortalidade prematura e as restantes variáveis explicativas, onde foi destacado o desigual contributo espacial das variáveis, nomeadamente das áreas verdes urbanas por habitante.
This investigation concerns one of the most important issues today, the health status of the population, especially in urban environments. The urban structure, especially urban green spaces, has become a potential solution to environmental problems, particularly in the fight against atmospheric pollution. In this way, the present study proposes the development of an exploratory analysis model of analyzing (inter)dependence relationships, including the spatial component, taking into account a set of air quality indicators, land use and demographic and socioeconomic profiles of the European cities. The methodology presented presupposes the application of multivariate analysis methods to a set of indicators, grouped by dimensions, in order to identify patterns and relationships of interdependence across European cities. Subsequently, using linear regression methods, namely spatial statistical analysis, an attempt was made to identify a relationship between the mortality rate in individuals under 65 years of age due to diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system (assumed as a dependent variable) and the various spatial contexts of the remaining independent variables in each city. The results achieved suggest the existence of a relationship between atmospheric pollutants and premature mortality and reveal that the behavior of urban green area per inhabitant has little impact on this relationship. Observing territorial patterns with regional differences in Europe (between North/East and South and Center). Taking the spatial component into account allowed us to investigate geographical relationships, where proximity effects are relevant to represent and understand spatial variations between the incidence of premature mortality and the remaining explanatory variables, where the unequal spatial contribution of the variables was highlighted, namely the urban green areas per inhabitant.
This investigation concerns one of the most important issues today, the health status of the population, especially in urban environments. The urban structure, especially urban green spaces, has become a potential solution to environmental problems, particularly in the fight against atmospheric pollution. In this way, the present study proposes the development of an exploratory analysis model of analyzing (inter)dependence relationships, including the spatial component, taking into account a set of air quality indicators, land use and demographic and socioeconomic profiles of the European cities. The methodology presented presupposes the application of multivariate analysis methods to a set of indicators, grouped by dimensions, in order to identify patterns and relationships of interdependence across European cities. Subsequently, using linear regression methods, namely spatial statistical analysis, an attempt was made to identify a relationship between the mortality rate in individuals under 65 years of age due to diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system (assumed as a dependent variable) and the various spatial contexts of the remaining independent variables in each city. The results achieved suggest the existence of a relationship between atmospheric pollutants and premature mortality and reveal that the behavior of urban green area per inhabitant has little impact on this relationship. Observing territorial patterns with regional differences in Europe (between North/East and South and Center). Taking the spatial component into account allowed us to investigate geographical relationships, where proximity effects are relevant to represent and understand spatial variations between the incidence of premature mortality and the remaining explanatory variables, where the unequal spatial contribution of the variables was highlighted, namely the urban green areas per inhabitant.
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Palavras-chave
Espaços verdes urbanos Saúde Qualidade do ar Análise espacial Mortalidade