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Revisão sistematizada de intervenções em perturbação de stress pós-traumático após agressão sexual em adultos
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Resumo(s)
A Perturbação de Stress Pós-Traumático (PSPT) é uma doença mental que tem um
impacto muito profundo na vida do indivíduo em todas as áreas da sua vida. Surge após viver,
observar ou tomar conhecimento de um evento traumático, incluindo agressão sexual. Apesar
de existir bastante literatura e diversas revisões sistemáticas acerca da PSPT, não existe
nenhuma em que o trauma desencadeador seja exclusivamente a agressão sexual.
Nesse sentido surge esta revisão sistematizada que procura identificar as intervenções
psicológicas eficazes no tratamento de PSPT após agressão sexual na população adulta.
Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática nas bases de dados EBSCo, SIBUL, Web of
Science, Scopus, ScIELO, PubMed, com limitação entre 2015 e 2021. Foram estabelecidos
como critérios de inclusão: indivíduos com mais de 18 anos e alvo de intervenção em PSPT
após agressão sexual, metodologia de intervenção clara e explícita, resultados quantitativos,
com avaliação pré, pós-intervenção e em follow-up, de forma a permitir avaliar a eficácia da
intervenção. Foram incluídos 10 artigos na revisão sistematizada.
Foi possível identificar seis intervenções distintas: exposição prolongada,
dessensibilização e reprocessamento por movimentos oculares (EMDR), terapia focada na
emoção, terapia cognitivo-comportamental, treino de neurofeedback e treino de competências.
Todas se revelaram eficazes na redução da sintomatologia de PSPT e outras perturbações
como depressão e ansiedade.
Concluímos, por isso, que as intervenções para PSPT após agressão sexual têm um
papel importante na redução da sintomatologia psicopatológica e na recuperação do trauma de
agressão sexual.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that has a deep impact in all areas of an individual’slife. This disorder appears after an individual goesthrough, observes or learns about a traumatic event, such as a sexual aggression. Although there is extensive literature and several systematic reviews about PTSD, there is not any where the triggering trauma is, exclusively, a sexual aggression. This fact leads to this systematized review, which objective is to identify the psychological interventions that are effective in the treatment of PTSD after a sexual aggression, in the adult population. A systematic research was performed in the EBSCo, SIBUL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScIELO and PubMed databases, limited to dates between 2015 and 2021. As inclusion criteria, the following where selected: individuals older than 18 years old and suffering from PTSD after a sexual aggression; clear and explicit interventional methodology; and quantitative results evaluated before and after the intervention with a follow-up to evaluate the result of the intervention. Considering this, ten papers were included in the systematized review. In these, it was possible to identify six distinct interventions: Prolonged Exposure; Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); Emotion-Focused Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Neurofeedback; and Psychological Skills Training (PST). All of these were revealed as effective in the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as with other disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Due to this, we concluded that interventions to treat PTSD after a sexual aggression have an important role in the reduction of psychological symptoms and in the recovery from the trauma originated from the sexual aggression.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that has a deep impact in all areas of an individual’slife. This disorder appears after an individual goesthrough, observes or learns about a traumatic event, such as a sexual aggression. Although there is extensive literature and several systematic reviews about PTSD, there is not any where the triggering trauma is, exclusively, a sexual aggression. This fact leads to this systematized review, which objective is to identify the psychological interventions that are effective in the treatment of PTSD after a sexual aggression, in the adult population. A systematic research was performed in the EBSCo, SIBUL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScIELO and PubMed databases, limited to dates between 2015 and 2021. As inclusion criteria, the following where selected: individuals older than 18 years old and suffering from PTSD after a sexual aggression; clear and explicit interventional methodology; and quantitative results evaluated before and after the intervention with a follow-up to evaluate the result of the intervention. Considering this, ten papers were included in the systematized review. In these, it was possible to identify six distinct interventions: Prolonged Exposure; Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); Emotion-Focused Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Neurofeedback; and Psychological Skills Training (PST). All of these were revealed as effective in the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as with other disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Due to this, we concluded that interventions to treat PTSD after a sexual aggression have an important role in the reduction of psychological symptoms and in the recovery from the trauma originated from the sexual aggression.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Palavras-chave
Stress pós-traumático Trauma Crimes sexuais Adultos Depressão Psicoterapia Dissertações de mestrado - 2021