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How depletion in mineral major elements affects grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) primary cell wall
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
The noteworthy fine remodeling that plant cell walls (CWs) undergo to adapt to
developmental, physiological and environmental cues and the observation that its
composition and dynamics differ between species represents an opportunity to couple
crop species agronomic studies with research on CW modifications. Vitis vinifera is
one of the most important crops from an economic point-of-view due to the high
value of the fruit, predominantly for winemaking. The availability of some information
related to this species’ CWs allows researching its responses to imposed conditions that
affect the plant’s development. Mineral deficiency, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium and sulfur, strongly affects plant metabolism, reducing both growth and
crop yield. Despite the importance of mineral nutrition in development, its influence
on CW synthesis and modifications is still insufficiently documented. Addressing this
knowledge gap, V. vinifera experimental models were used to study CW responses to
imposed mineral depletion in unorganized (callus) and organized (shoots) tissues. The
discussion of the obtained results is the main focus of this review. Callus and shoots
submitted to mineral restriction are impaired in specific CW components, predominantly
cellulose. Reorganization on structure and deposition of several other polymers, in
particular the degree and pattern of pectin methyl-esterification and the amount of
xyloglucan (XyG), arabinan and extensin, is also observed. In view of recently proposed
CW models that consider biomechanical hotspots and direct linkages between pectins
and XyG/cellulose, the outcome of these modifications in explaining maintenance of
CW integrity through compensatory stiffening can be debated. Nutrient stresses do not
affect evenly all tissues with undifferentiated callus tissues showing more pronounced
responses, followed by shoot mature internodes, and then newly formed internodes.
The impact of nitrogen depletion leads to more noticeable responses, supporting
this nutrient’s primary role in plant development and metabolism. The consequential
compensatory mechanisms highlight the pivotal role of CW in rearranging under
environmental stresses
Descrição
Palavras-chave
biomechanical hotspots cell wall epitops cellulose gene expression Vitis vinifera pectin (d)esterification xyloglucan
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Goulao LF, Fernandes JC and Amâncio S (2017) How the Depletion in Mineral Major Elements Affects Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Primary Cell Wall. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1439
Editora
Gea Guerriero, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg