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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China é actualmente reconhecida como capital oriental do jogo, tendo ainda um papel como ponto de ligação e coexistência de várias culturas e povos com raízes ancestrais. Tratase de uma região que vive sob a política “Um País, Dois Sistemas” (tal como a RAE de Hong Kong) e por isso foi capaz de preservar diferentes influências, incluindo uma economia fortemente dependente do jogo, que está presente em todas as dimensões do território.
Neste estudo, iremos olhar para Macau através da lente geopolítica de Saul Cohen e geoeconómica de Edward Luttwak, procurando estudar as suas principais características. Características essas que se revelam quando aplicamos à região o conceito geopolítico de Gateway State. Serão aprofundadas as vantagens e desafios intrínsecos a Macau, mas também a sua inserção nos vastos projectos da Iniciativa Faixa e Rota e Grande Baía Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau. Só da conjugação destes factores (internos e externos ao território) é possível retirar conclusões sobre a posição de Macau na RPC, na região e no mundo.
Serão ainda feitas três propostas para diversificação da economia (que procuram complementaridade e não a substituição do jogo) através do Turismo de Identidade, Arbitragem Internacional e Investigação Científica. Estes conceitos surgem como uma evolução das características únicas que identificámos no território. Abordamos ainda os obstáculos que se levantam, quase todos transversais a todos os sectores sociais e económicos, como a falta de competição e incentivo, a corrupção e o excesso de turismo do jogo.
Concluímos que a sua invejável prosperidade económica garante oportunidades únicas à população, ao mesmo tempo que acarreta custos para o seu futuro. Mais ainda, confirmámos que Macau é, efectivamente, um Gateway State como definido por Cohen, cuja existência é simultaneamente garantida e fortemente condicionada pela China
The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China is currently regarded as the eastern capital of gambling, also having a role as cultural crossroads where several cultures and people have coexisted for centuries. Being under the “One Country, Two Systems” policy (just like the Hong Kong SAR) the region was able to preserve different influences, including an economy heavily reliant on gambling, which is now present in every dimension of life. In this study we will look at Macao through the geopolitical lens of Saul Cohen as well as Edward Luttwak’s geo-economics lens, looking to study its main characteristics. These are revealed when we apply to it the geopolitical concept of Gateway State. We will investigate the advantages and challenges that are intrinsic to Macau, but also how it fits into the vast projects of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau. Only from the careful examination of these factors (both internal and external) can we draw conclusions on the standing of Macau within the PRC, in the region and in the world. We shall make three proposals for economic diversification (these intend to complement, not replace, gambling) through Identity Tourism, International Arbitration and Scientific Research. These concepts evolved from the unique characteristics that we identified. We also approached the obstacles that arose, nearly all of them intersecting with the social and economic aspects present. These included lack of competition and incentives, corruption and excess of gambling related tourism. We concluded that, although its enviable economic prosperity guarantees unique opportunities for the population at large, it also comes with costs for its future. We concluded that Macau is effectively a Gateway State, as defined by Cohen, whose existence is simultaneously guaranteed and highly conditioned by China.
The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China is currently regarded as the eastern capital of gambling, also having a role as cultural crossroads where several cultures and people have coexisted for centuries. Being under the “One Country, Two Systems” policy (just like the Hong Kong SAR) the region was able to preserve different influences, including an economy heavily reliant on gambling, which is now present in every dimension of life. In this study we will look at Macao through the geopolitical lens of Saul Cohen as well as Edward Luttwak’s geo-economics lens, looking to study its main characteristics. These are revealed when we apply to it the geopolitical concept of Gateway State. We will investigate the advantages and challenges that are intrinsic to Macau, but also how it fits into the vast projects of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau. Only from the careful examination of these factors (both internal and external) can we draw conclusions on the standing of Macau within the PRC, in the region and in the world. We shall make three proposals for economic diversification (these intend to complement, not replace, gambling) through Identity Tourism, International Arbitration and Scientific Research. These concepts evolved from the unique characteristics that we identified. We also approached the obstacles that arose, nearly all of them intersecting with the social and economic aspects present. These included lack of competition and incentives, corruption and excess of gambling related tourism. We concluded that, although its enviable economic prosperity guarantees unique opportunities for the population at large, it also comes with costs for its future. We concluded that Macau is effectively a Gateway State, as defined by Cohen, whose existence is simultaneously guaranteed and highly conditioned by China.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Keywords
Macau Gateway State Geopolítica Geoeconomia Macao Gateway State Geopolitics Geo-economics
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas