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Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Globally, mangrove forests are substantially declining, and a globally synthesized database
containing the drivers of deforestation and drivers’ interactions is scarce. Here, we synthesized the key
social-ecological drivers of global mangrove deforestation by reviewing about two hundred published
scientific studies over the last four decades (from 1980 to 2021). Our focus was on both natural and
anthropogenic drivers with their gradual and abrupt impacts and on their geographic coverage of
effects, and how these drivers interact. We also summarized the patterns of global mangrove coverage
decline between 1990 and 2020 and identified the threatened mangrove species. Our consolidated
studies reported an 8600 km2 decline in the global mangrove coverage between 1990 and 2020, with
the highest decline occurring in South and Southeast Asia (3870 km2). We could identify 11 threatened
mangrove species, two of which are critically endangered (Sonneratia griffithii and Bruguiera hainseii).
Our reviewed studies pointed to aquaculture and agriculture as the predominant driver of global
mangrove deforestation though their impacts varied across global regions. Gradual climate variations,
i.e., sea-level rise, long-term precipitation, and temperature changes and driven coastline erosion,
salinity intrusion and acidity at coasts, constitute the second major group of drivers. Our findings
underline a strong interaction across natural and anthropogenic drivers, with the strongest interaction
between the driver groups aquaculture and agriculture and industrialization and pollution. Our
results suggest prioritizing globally coordinated empirical studies linking drivers and mangrove
deforestation and global development of policies for mangrove conservation
Descrição
Review
Palavras-chave
mangroves drivers aquaculture agriculture climate change extreme events coastal wetlands interaction
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Bhowmik, A.K.; Padmanaban, R.; Cabral, P.; Romeiras, M.M. Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4433
Editora
MDPI