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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Constatado que, apesar da estimulação da criatividade se constituir legalmente
como um dever dos professores, escasseiam estudos que abordem a formação de
professores neste domínio, interrogamo-nos, neste trabalho, sobre como pode a
formação contínua de professores contribuir para formar professores facilitadores da
criatividade.
Na primeira parte do trabalho procedemos à revisão da literatura sobre
criatividade e educação, ao enquadramento legal da formação contínua no nosso país, à
delimitação do conceito de formação (contínua) de professores e terminamos com a
nossa proposta de categorização dos modelos de formação de professores de acordo
com o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento da criatividade, baseada nos principais
modelos de formação de professores de carácter geral.
A segunda parte do nosso trabalho centra-se no desenvolvimento do estudo
empírico, onde, para além do levantamento das acções de formação contínua na área da
criatividade acreditadas pelo Conselho Científico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua,
procedemos ao cruzamento de discursos de 124 professores e 8 formadores, com o
objectivo de compreender o que fazem - e as dificuldades com que se defrontam - estes
professores para estimular a criatividade dos alunos e qual o contributo que a formação
contínua de professores na área da criatividade pode dar.
Verificámos um predomínio da identificação da criatividade com as expressões
artísticas, tanto em termos das acções de formação acreditadas, como ao nível dos
discursos dos professores. Pelo contrário, os formadores defendem uma abordagem
transversal da criatividade, apoiada numa formação apostada em estimular a
criatividade do professor, enquanto pessoa e profissional, e em que as acções de
formação devem, elas próprias, ser um modelo de facilitação da criatividade - numa
perspectiva isomórfíca - e assentar na reflexão sobre as práticas.
A excessiva dimensão dos programas e das turmas, por um lado, e a falta de
formação do professor, por outro, são obstáculos à estimulação da criatividade em
contexto escolar, para os quais convergem os discursos de professores e formadores.
Although the stimulation of creativity is formally a legal duty of teachers, there are few studies concerning the training of teachers in this matter. This paper examines how in-service teacher training can contribute to the preparation of creativity facilitating teachers. The first parte of this paper explores the literature on creativity and education, the legal framework of in-service teacher training in Portugal and the scope of permanent teacher training. From this analysis it proposes a classification of teacher training models according to their contribution to the development of creativity based on the main teacher training models. The second part of our paper is an empirical study containing a survey of in-service training courses in the field of creativity approved by the Pedagogical and Scientific Council for Permanent Education (Conselho Cientifico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua), and an analysis of the data collection of 124 teachers and 8 trainers in order to understand what these professionals do - and the difficulties they encounter- to stimulate the creativity of pupils and what the contribution of in-service teacher training in the area of creativity might be. It was found that creativity was predominantly associated with artistic expression, both in the approved training courses as well as in teachers' views. However, the trainers defend a cross-disciplinary approach to creativity, based on training that stimulates the creativity of teachers, as an individual and as a professional, and in which the training activities should be, by themselves, a model of creativity facilitation and based on reflection. The study found that common views of both teachers and trainers coincide focused on excessive size of the programmes and of the classes on one hand and the lack of teacher training on the other as barriers to the stimulation of creativity in the school environment.
Although the stimulation of creativity is formally a legal duty of teachers, there are few studies concerning the training of teachers in this matter. This paper examines how in-service teacher training can contribute to the preparation of creativity facilitating teachers. The first parte of this paper explores the literature on creativity and education, the legal framework of in-service teacher training in Portugal and the scope of permanent teacher training. From this analysis it proposes a classification of teacher training models according to their contribution to the development of creativity based on the main teacher training models. The second part of our paper is an empirical study containing a survey of in-service training courses in the field of creativity approved by the Pedagogical and Scientific Council for Permanent Education (Conselho Cientifico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua), and an analysis of the data collection of 124 teachers and 8 trainers in order to understand what these professionals do - and the difficulties they encounter- to stimulate the creativity of pupils and what the contribution of in-service teacher training in the area of creativity might be. It was found that creativity was predominantly associated with artistic expression, both in the approved training courses as well as in teachers' views. However, the trainers defend a cross-disciplinary approach to creativity, based on training that stimulates the creativity of teachers, as an individual and as a professional, and in which the training activities should be, by themselves, a model of creativity facilitation and based on reflection. The study found that common views of both teachers and trainers coincide focused on excessive size of the programmes and of the classes on one hand and the lack of teacher training on the other as barriers to the stimulation of creativity in the school environment.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação (Área de Formação de Professores) apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através do Departamento de Ciências da Educação da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2003
Palavras-chave
Criatividade Educação Professores - Formação Educação permanente
