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Entre o Poder e a Lei. As Constituições Portuguesas de 1933 e 1976
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O poder é um conceito central em Ciência Política. A sua relação com a lei, nomeadamente com a lei máxima, a constituição, é muito próxima. Não é por acaso que, durante muito tempo, Ciência Política, Direito Constitucional e Direito Político se confundiam. Se alguns autores vêem as constituições como o “estatuto do político”, o importante é entender que elas são construídas por poderes presentes em determinado momento histórico-social-político. Será fundamental percorrer os caminhos que nos levam do poder para a lei, indicando-se a feitura das duas últimas constituições portuguesas, como trilho dessa descoberta. Parte-se do tripé conceitos-contextos-ideias e assim, coletando os conceitos de diversos investigadores e ideias chave, como poder, lei, constituição e outras, é fulcral uma contextualização dos “momentos constitucionais” de um ponto de vista social, geopolítico, económico e, evidentemente, histórico. Apetrechados dos conceitos e enquadrados pelos contextos, chegamos às ideias, que nos podem permitir entender o percurso do poder para a lei e, talvez, desenhar novos conceitos que ilustrem melhor este caminho. Se as constituições manifestam no seu articulado, os poderes presentes na sociedade, elas não o fazem de uma forma direta mas através de um processo bastante complexo. As ideias congeminam os poderes e digladiam-se para se afirmarem, mas as vencedoras são já o resultado como que de uma miscigenação, que irá produzir a lei. É assim que poderemos afirmar que a lei não resulta apenas do poder dominante, mas é decorrente de um cadinho de ideias, vencedoras, vencidas e ainda em maturação. Todos os poderes influenciam a formulação das constituições, leis máximas das sociedades, muitas vezes para além da vontade dos seus redatores. As constituições não constituem uma sociedade, mas, de alguma forma, relatam-na explícita e implicitamente, pela tradução dos diversos poderes.
Power is a central concept in Political Science. Its relationship with the law, namely with the maximum law, the constitution, is very close. It is not by chance that, for a long time, Political Science, Constitutional Right and Political Right were confused. If some authors see constitutions as the “statute of the politician», what is important to understand is that they are built by existing powers in a certain historical-social-political moment. It will be fundamental to walk the paths that lead us from power to the law, pointing the execution of the last two Portuguese constitutions, as a trail of this discovery. Starting with the tripod: concepts-contexts-ideas, collecting the concepts of several researchers, and key ideas such as power, law, constitution, and others, it is crucial to contextualize the “constitutional moments” from a social, geopolitical, economic and, of course, historical point of view. Equipped with concepts and framed by contexts, we come to ideas, which can allow us to understand the path of the power to the law and, perhaps, design new concepts that better illustrate this path. If the constitutions manifest in their articles, the existing powers in society, it is not done in a simple way but through a very complex process. The ideas combine the powers and fight each other to assert themselves, but the winners are already the result of a miscegenation that will produce the law. That is how we can affirm that the law is not just the result of dominant power but is the result of a melting pot of ideas: winning ones, losing others and, still in maturation others. All powers influence the formulation of constitutions, the maximum laws of societies, often beyond the will of their editors. Constitutions do not constitute a society but, somehow, they report it explicitly and implicitly, through the translation of the different powers.
Power is a central concept in Political Science. Its relationship with the law, namely with the maximum law, the constitution, is very close. It is not by chance that, for a long time, Political Science, Constitutional Right and Political Right were confused. If some authors see constitutions as the “statute of the politician», what is important to understand is that they are built by existing powers in a certain historical-social-political moment. It will be fundamental to walk the paths that lead us from power to the law, pointing the execution of the last two Portuguese constitutions, as a trail of this discovery. Starting with the tripod: concepts-contexts-ideas, collecting the concepts of several researchers, and key ideas such as power, law, constitution, and others, it is crucial to contextualize the “constitutional moments” from a social, geopolitical, economic and, of course, historical point of view. Equipped with concepts and framed by contexts, we come to ideas, which can allow us to understand the path of the power to the law and, perhaps, design new concepts that better illustrate this path. If the constitutions manifest in their articles, the existing powers in society, it is not done in a simple way but through a very complex process. The ideas combine the powers and fight each other to assert themselves, but the winners are already the result of a miscegenation that will produce the law. That is how we can affirm that the law is not just the result of dominant power but is the result of a melting pot of ideas: winning ones, losing others and, still in maturation others. All powers influence the formulation of constitutions, the maximum laws of societies, often beyond the will of their editors. Constitutions do not constitute a society but, somehow, they report it explicitly and implicitly, through the translation of the different powers.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência Política
Palavras-chave
Poder Poderes Lei Constituição Power Powers Law Constitution
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas