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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O sucesso dos partidos políticos de extrema-direita na Europa tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Um dos fatores que contribui para esse crescimento é o estilo de comunicação destes partidos, mas mais precisamente a forma como rentabilizam as redes sociais online. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, compreender como é que os partidos políticos Chega e Vox comunicaram nas suas contas do Facebook e do Instagram durante o período de campanha eleitoral respetivamente para as eleições legislativas de 2022 e 2024 em Portugal e de 2019 e 2023 em Espanha.
Foi utilizado o método misto através do desenho sequencial explicativo. No total, foram analisadas 714 publicações (Facebook n=407; Instagram n=307) para efeitos de análise de conteúdo. Para a análise crítica de discurso e para a análise retórica foi reunido um subcorpus composto por 38 publicações (Facebook n=18; Instagram n=20).
Os resultados sugerem que a comunicação online em contexto eleitoral do Chega e do Vox é caracterizada como sendo nacionalista, nativista, emocional, centrada na figura do líder e, consequentemente, populista. Os tipos de conteúdo publicados diferem consoante a plataforma e as temáticas mais abordadas diferem consoante o partido político, sendo a única exceção o tema campanha eleitoral. O ator principal das publicações é maioritariamente o líder do partido. O engagement foi mais elevado no Instagram do que no Facebook, nas publicações relacionadas com nacionalismo, patriotismo e separatismo, nas publicações em formato de reels, nas publicações colaborativas com outras contas e quando são utilizados emojis. As ideias-chave do populismo são enunciadas principalmente através das estratégias de maniqueísmo e argumentação. O discurso dos partidos tem uma base emocional mais negativa do que positiva (pathos) e é reforçado através da presença de exemplos reais e de figuras de estilo (logos). As emoções negativas estavam mais presentes no Facebook do que no Instagram.
The success of far-right political parties in Europe has increased in recent years. One of the factors contributing to this growth is the communication style of these parties, but more precisely the way they capitalise on online social networks. The aim of this study is therefore to understand how the Chega and Vox political parties communicated on their Facebook and Instagram accounts during the electoral campaign period for the 2022 and 2024 legislative elections in Portugal and 2019 and 2023 in Spain respectively. The mixed method was used through the sequential explanatory design. In total, 714 posts (Facebook n=407; Instagram n=307) were analysed for content analysis purposes. For critical discourse analysis and rhetorical analysis, a subcorpus of 38 posts was gathered (Facebook n=18; Instagram n=20). The results suggest that the online communication in the electoral context of Chega and Vox is characterised as nationalist, nativist, emotional, centred on the figure of the leader and, consequently, populist. The types of content published differ depending on the platform and the topics most addressed differ depending on the political party, the only exception being the electoral campaign. The main actor in the publications is mostly the party leader. Engagement was higher on Instagram than on Facebook, in posts related to nationalism, patriotism and separatism, in reel posts, in collaborative posts with other accounts and when emojis were used. The key ideas of populism are enunciated mainly through the strategies of Manichaeism and argumentation. The parties' discourse has a more negative than positive emotional basis (pathos) and is reinforced through the presence of real examples and figures of speech (logos). Negative emotions were more present on Facebook than on Instagram.
The success of far-right political parties in Europe has increased in recent years. One of the factors contributing to this growth is the communication style of these parties, but more precisely the way they capitalise on online social networks. The aim of this study is therefore to understand how the Chega and Vox political parties communicated on their Facebook and Instagram accounts during the electoral campaign period for the 2022 and 2024 legislative elections in Portugal and 2019 and 2023 in Spain respectively. The mixed method was used through the sequential explanatory design. In total, 714 posts (Facebook n=407; Instagram n=307) were analysed for content analysis purposes. For critical discourse analysis and rhetorical analysis, a subcorpus of 38 posts was gathered (Facebook n=18; Instagram n=20). The results suggest that the online communication in the electoral context of Chega and Vox is characterised as nationalist, nativist, emotional, centred on the figure of the leader and, consequently, populist. The types of content published differ depending on the platform and the topics most addressed differ depending on the political party, the only exception being the electoral campaign. The main actor in the publications is mostly the party leader. Engagement was higher on Instagram than on Facebook, in posts related to nationalism, patriotism and separatism, in reel posts, in collaborative posts with other accounts and when emojis were used. The key ideas of populism are enunciated mainly through the strategies of Manichaeism and argumentation. The parties' discourse has a more negative than positive emotional basis (pathos) and is reinforced through the presence of real examples and figures of speech (logos). Negative emotions were more present on Facebook than on Instagram.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre Em Ciências da Comunicação
Palavras-chave
Chega Vox extrema-direita populismo comunicação online eleições legislativas far-right populism online communication legislative elections
