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Da catábase e da anábase : itinerários entre mundos, da Suméria a Roma
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A abundante referência ao tema das viagens entre mundos presente na maioria das tradições antigas, em particular nas culturas do Próximo Oriente Antigo e Grecolatina, denuncia a existência de concepções humanas comuns - que atravessam uma longa evolução de visões míticas e tradições religiosas diversas - na permanente busca do Homem por respostas acerca da sua existência neste e no outro-mundo. Se os termos catábase e a anábase, em rigor, deveriam ser aplicados apenas às viagens percorridas aos infernos pelos heróis da tradição Greco-latina, eles designam afinal, lato sensu, pela notória pré e pós existência deste tema, todos os trânsitos percorridos entre mundos antes e depois desta tradição. Assim, se inicialmente estes trânsitos se limitavam aos deuses e aos defuntos, eles passam a ser, com o Homem grego, protagonizados quase exclusivamente pelo homem-herói. Esta abertura do espaço inferior ao homem, que aí desce a daí regressa com vida, conduzirá posteriormente a alma, agora separada do corpo, à viagem escatológica catabática e anabática. Deste modo, se os trânsitos iniciais visavam, de algum modo, aproximar as divindades do Homem e do seu mundo, a evolução do tratamento deste tema conduzirá, por fim, o Homem até à divindade.
The extensive reference to the theme of travels between worlds present in the majority of the ancient traditions, particularly in the Ancient Near East and Greco-Latin cultures, denounces the existence of common human conceptions - which experience a long evolution of several mythical and religious visions - in the constant human search for answers concerning his existence in this and other-world. If the terms catabasis and anabasis, to be thorough, should be applied only to the travels to hell percussed by the heroes of the Greco-Latin tradition, they designate after all, lato sensu, by the notorious pre and post existence of the theme, all the travels between worlds before and after this same tradition. Thus, if initially these transits were confined to the gods and the defuncts, they become, with the Greek Man, spearheaded almost exclusively by the hero-man. This opening of the inferior space to man, who there descends and from there ascends alive, will lead the soul, a posteriori, to the eschatological catabatic and anabatic journey. Therefore, if the initial transits aimed, somehow, to provide the oncoming of the gods towards Man and his world, the evolution of the vision concerning this theme will lead the Man, finally, up to the divinity.
The extensive reference to the theme of travels between worlds present in the majority of the ancient traditions, particularly in the Ancient Near East and Greco-Latin cultures, denounces the existence of common human conceptions - which experience a long evolution of several mythical and religious visions - in the constant human search for answers concerning his existence in this and other-world. If the terms catabasis and anabasis, to be thorough, should be applied only to the travels to hell percussed by the heroes of the Greco-Latin tradition, they designate after all, lato sensu, by the notorious pre and post existence of the theme, all the travels between worlds before and after this same tradition. Thus, if initially these transits were confined to the gods and the defuncts, they become, with the Greek Man, spearheaded almost exclusively by the hero-man. This opening of the inferior space to man, who there descends and from there ascends alive, will lead the soul, a posteriori, to the eschatological catabatic and anabatic journey. Therefore, if the initial transits aimed, somehow, to provide the oncoming of the gods towards Man and his world, the evolution of the vision concerning this theme will lead the Man, finally, up to the divinity.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, História (História e Cultura das Religiões), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2016
Palavras-chave
Viagens para o além Vida futura Escatologia Religiões - Historiografia Teses de doutoramento - 2016