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Estudo e conservação dos revestimentos parietais da sala da loiça do Palácio Nacional de Queluz
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A presente dissertação de mestrado visa o estudo e a conservação de um conjunto de nove pinturas parietais da Sala da Loiça antiga Sala das Açafatas, localizada no Palácio Nacional de Queluz (PNQ). O foco da pesquisa recai sobre a caracterização histórica, técnica e material dessas pinturas, com ênfase no restauro curativo de uma pintura que apresentava um estado de conservação particularmente frágil e em processos acumulativos de perda material. O Palácio Nacional de Queluz é um importante exemplo do património artístico e arquitetónico do século XVIII, destacando-se pelos seus revestimentos interiores. As pinturas em questão apresentam um estilo decorativo que combina paisagens ao estilo Pillement e medalhões neoclássicos em grisaille. A pesquisa utilizou uma metodologia abrangente, com registo documental, exames fotográficos em luz visível, rasante, ultravioleta, reflectografia de infravermelhos e microscopia digital. Também foram realizadas análises técnicas, incluindo a microscopia óptica com corte estratigráfico, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com espectroscopia de dispersão de energia, espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. A análise revelou a existência de duas tipologias distintas entre as pinturas, tanto em termos materiais quanto nas técnicas de produção, sugerindo a possibilidade de diferentes períodos de execução. Além de caracterizar o estado de conservação da pintura mais danificada, que exigiu intervenções específicas como fixação, limpeza e união dos panos da tela desagregados. Este estudo resultou na elaboração de uma metodologia precisa para a reintegração cromática e preenchimento de lacunas. Essa metodologia poderá ser aplicada em intervenções futuras, garantindo maior eficácia e respeito às características originais das obras. Por fim, são sugeridas práticas de conservação preventiva para o conjunto de revestimentos, visando a preservação das obras a longo prazo. Este trabalho contribui para o aprofundamento do conhecimento histórico, técnico e material destes revestimentos parietais, como enfatiza a importância da preservação deste tipo de património integrado.
This master's dissertation aims to study and conserve a set of nine wall paintings in the Sala da Loiça, formerly known as the Sala das Açafatas, located in the Palácio Nacional de Queluz (PNQ). The research focuses on the historical, technical, and material characterization of these paintings, with an emphasis on the curative restoration of one painting that exhibited a particularly fragile state of conservation and cumulative material loss. The Palácio Nacional de Queluz is an important example of 18th-century artistic and architectural heritage, distinguished by its interior decorations. The paintings in question feature a decorative style that combines Pillement-style landscapes with neoclassical grisaille medallions. The research employed a comprehensive methodology, including documentary recording, photographic examinations under visible light, raking light, ultraviolet light, infrared reflectography, and digital microscopy. Additionally, technical analyses were conducted, including optical microscopy with stratigraphic cross-sections, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The analysis revealed two distinct typologies among the paintings, both in terms of materials and production techniques, suggesting the possibility of different execution periods. In addition to characterizing the conservation state of the most deteriorated painting, specific interventions were carried out, such as consolidation, cleaning, and rejoining of the disaggregated canvas sections. This study led to the development of a precise methodology for chromatic reintegration and gap filling, which can be applied in future interventions to ensure greater effectiveness and respect for the original characteristics of the artworks. Finally, preventive conservation practices are proposed for the entire set of wall paintings to ensure their long-term preservation. This work contributes to the deepening of historical, technical, and material knowledge of these wall coverings while highlighting the importance of preserving this type of integrated heritage.
This master's dissertation aims to study and conserve a set of nine wall paintings in the Sala da Loiça, formerly known as the Sala das Açafatas, located in the Palácio Nacional de Queluz (PNQ). The research focuses on the historical, technical, and material characterization of these paintings, with an emphasis on the curative restoration of one painting that exhibited a particularly fragile state of conservation and cumulative material loss. The Palácio Nacional de Queluz is an important example of 18th-century artistic and architectural heritage, distinguished by its interior decorations. The paintings in question feature a decorative style that combines Pillement-style landscapes with neoclassical grisaille medallions. The research employed a comprehensive methodology, including documentary recording, photographic examinations under visible light, raking light, ultraviolet light, infrared reflectography, and digital microscopy. Additionally, technical analyses were conducted, including optical microscopy with stratigraphic cross-sections, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The analysis revealed two distinct typologies among the paintings, both in terms of materials and production techniques, suggesting the possibility of different execution periods. In addition to characterizing the conservation state of the most deteriorated painting, specific interventions were carried out, such as consolidation, cleaning, and rejoining of the disaggregated canvas sections. This study led to the development of a precise methodology for chromatic reintegration and gap filling, which can be applied in future interventions to ensure greater effectiveness and respect for the original characteristics of the artworks. Finally, preventive conservation practices are proposed for the entire set of wall paintings to ensure their long-term preservation. This work contributes to the deepening of historical, technical, and material knowledge of these wall coverings while highlighting the importance of preserving this type of integrated heritage.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Conservação de Arte Moderna e Contemporânea, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas Artes
Palavras-chave
Integrated Heritage Parietal Paint Decorative Paint Conservation Restoration Património integrado Revestimento parietal Pintura decorativa Conservação e restauro Palácio Nacional de Queluz