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A inter-relação de influência mútua entre o direito internacional público e o direito comunitário no contexto da aviação civil
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A segurança (security) da aviação civil é uma matéria que começou a ser tratada na segunda metade do século XX, no contexto da Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional em resposta à intensificação de atos terroristas praticados utilizando a aviação civil. Foi, pois, no seio do direito internacional público, e sob a égide da ICAO, que assistimos à construção dos primeiros textos legais desta área específica do direito aéreo, quer sob a forma de convenções internacionais, quer através da introdução de um anexo à Convenção de Chicago de 1944, o Anexo 17, especificamente dedicado à proteção da aviação civil internacional contra os atos de interferência ilícita. Na União Europeia, o quadro normativo da segurança da aviação civil surgiria mais tarde, em resposta aos atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, através da assimilação das normas criadas pela Conferência Europeia da Aviação Civil e do Anexo 17 da Convenção de Chicago. Criou-se assim um sistema uniformizado aplicável em todos o território da União cuja regulação e implementação era supervisionada pela Comissão Europeia. O quadro normativo comunitário seria alvo de várias alterações que determinariam a sua reestruturação, finalizada em 2010. Seria no contexto do quadro normativo revisto e consolidado, e mais uma vez em reação a atos de interferência ilícita, que, em 2011, emergiria o sistema da proteção da carga e correio aéreos oriundos de países terceiros. Este sistema que seria, nos anos seguintes, alvo de um desenvolvimento e consolidação, permitiria que o quadro normativo comunitário da União relativo à segurança da aviação civil se expandisse para além da União influenciando o quadro normativo internacional de onde ele próprio emergiu – estabelecendo-se presentemente entre ambos uma inter-relação de influência mútua.
Civil aviation security is a matter that began to be addressed in the second half of the twentieth century within the context of the International Civil Aviation Organization in response to the intensification of terrorist acts using civil aviation. It was therefore within the framework of international public law and under the aegis of ICAO, that the first legal texts pertaining this specific area of air law were erected, either by international conventions or through the introduction of an annex to the Chicago Convention of 1944, Annex 17, dedicated to the protection of international civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. In the European Union, the regulatory framework for civil aviation security would arise later in response to the attacks of 11 September 2001, by assimilating the standards created by the European Civil Aviation Conference and Annex 17 of the Chicago Convention. Thus, a uniform system applicable throughout the Union was created; whose regulation and implementation the European Commission supervised. The Community regulatory framework would be subject to a number of amendments, which would determine its’ restructuring, finalized in 2010. It would be in the context of the revised and consolidated regulatory framework, and again, in reaction to acts of unlawful interference, that in 2011 the system of air cargo and mail protection from third countries would emerge. This system, which would be further developed and consolidated in the following years, would allow the Union's regulatory framework for civil aviation security to expand beyond the Union, influencing the international legal framework from which it emerged – establishing, at the present, between both regulatory frameworks an interrelationship of mutual influence.
Civil aviation security is a matter that began to be addressed in the second half of the twentieth century within the context of the International Civil Aviation Organization in response to the intensification of terrorist acts using civil aviation. It was therefore within the framework of international public law and under the aegis of ICAO, that the first legal texts pertaining this specific area of air law were erected, either by international conventions or through the introduction of an annex to the Chicago Convention of 1944, Annex 17, dedicated to the protection of international civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. In the European Union, the regulatory framework for civil aviation security would arise later in response to the attacks of 11 September 2001, by assimilating the standards created by the European Civil Aviation Conference and Annex 17 of the Chicago Convention. Thus, a uniform system applicable throughout the Union was created; whose regulation and implementation the European Commission supervised. The Community regulatory framework would be subject to a number of amendments, which would determine its’ restructuring, finalized in 2010. It would be in the context of the revised and consolidated regulatory framework, and again, in reaction to acts of unlawful interference, that in 2011 the system of air cargo and mail protection from third countries would emerge. This system, which would be further developed and consolidated in the following years, would allow the Union's regulatory framework for civil aviation security to expand beyond the Union, influencing the international legal framework from which it emerged – establishing, at the present, between both regulatory frameworks an interrelationship of mutual influence.
Descrição
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Direito internacional público Direito da União Europeia Aviação civil Segurança aérea Terrorismo Carga aérea Correio aéreo Teses de mestrado - 2020