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Programas de ajustamento estrutural na óptica do papel do estado na África a Sul do Saara
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O Desenvolvimento é um dos objectivos dos povos e a estabilização e o ajustamento estrutural podem ser determinantes para o atingir. No entanto, a forma como têm vindo a ser concebidos pelo FMI e pelo Banco Mundial, direccionada sobretudo para a esfera económica e marcada pela "nova ortodoxia" dominante, acabou por limitar o papel dos Programas de Ajustamento Estrutural (PAE) enquanto propulsores do desenvolvimento, tornando-os num conjunto de premissas rígidas, com resultados aquém do previsto. Nos anos 80, a crise no continente africano deixava transparecer a necessidade urgente de reformas. As finanças públicas apresentavam-se deficitárias e a corrupção, a "má governação" e o "neo-patrimonialismo" caracterizavam a actuação do Estado. As propostas do FMI e do Banco Mundial - liberalismo económico e estímulo dos mercados em detrimento da intervenção pública, traduzem-se em medidas como o estabelecimento de taxas de utilização dos serviços públicos, remoção de subsídios, despedimento de funcionários públicos, cortes salariais e privatizações. Os resultados destas reformas não se mostraram decisivos, designadamente no que se refere à melhoria do défice orçamental, e os efeitos negativos das restrições orçamentais sobre o bem-estar originaram um clima de instabilidade que acabou por pôr em causa a viabilidade do processo de ajustamento. A aversão ao papel do Estado e a forma radical como se impuseram as reformas, frequentemente sem considerar as características culturais, políticas, sociais e económicas de cada país, acabaram por condicionar o sucesso dos PAE. Apesar de haver por parte das instituições internacionais um reconhecimento de que é necessária a reforma destes Programas no sentido de incluir objectivos "não económicos", há quem defenda que só uma revisão e reordenação de prioridades os pode aproximar do Desenvolvimento.
Development is one of the society's goals, and stabilisation, and structural adjustment could be determinant to get it. The way how they are conceived by IMF and by World Bank, guided mainly through economical field and marked by the prevailing "new orthodoxy", had restrained Structural Adjustment Programme's role while development propellers, turning them into a set of rigid premises, with results straighter than expected. In the 80's, African Continent crisis reveals itself the urgent need of reforms. There were large public finance deficits in several countries and "bad governance", "neo-patrimonialism" and corruption labelled the State performance. From the World Bank and IMF proposals -economic liberalisation and pro-market reforms in loss of public action - resulted policies, like the introduction of user fees, public sector employment and wage cuts, grants removal and privatisation of public enterprises. The results didn't show conclusive, particularly in which is referred to public deficit amelioration, and the negative effects above welfare, caused by budget constrains, gave rise to an unstable environment, which jeopardised adjustment process viability. The State performance aversion and the radical way in which the reforms had been imposed, usually without taking in consideration cultural, politic, social and economical characteristics of each society, ended up conditioning their success. Although it's being recognised by international institutions, the necessity of Programmes reforms, in the way of including "non economical" objectives in the policy mix, others defend that only a review and a re-ordination of their priorities could bring them closer of Development
Development is one of the society's goals, and stabilisation, and structural adjustment could be determinant to get it. The way how they are conceived by IMF and by World Bank, guided mainly through economical field and marked by the prevailing "new orthodoxy", had restrained Structural Adjustment Programme's role while development propellers, turning them into a set of rigid premises, with results straighter than expected. In the 80's, African Continent crisis reveals itself the urgent need of reforms. There were large public finance deficits in several countries and "bad governance", "neo-patrimonialism" and corruption labelled the State performance. From the World Bank and IMF proposals -economic liberalisation and pro-market reforms in loss of public action - resulted policies, like the introduction of user fees, public sector employment and wage cuts, grants removal and privatisation of public enterprises. The results didn't show conclusive, particularly in which is referred to public deficit amelioration, and the negative effects above welfare, caused by budget constrains, gave rise to an unstable environment, which jeopardised adjustment process viability. The State performance aversion and the radical way in which the reforms had been imposed, usually without taking in consideration cultural, politic, social and economical characteristics of each society, ended up conditioning their success. Although it's being recognised by international institutions, the necessity of Programmes reforms, in the way of including "non economical" objectives in the policy mix, others defend that only a review and a re-ordination of their priorities could bring them closer of Development
Descrição
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Palavras-chave
Ajustamento Estrutural África Estado Desenvolvimento Ortodoxia Programas de Ajustamento Estrutural Estado Sub-Saariano Structural Adjustment Africa State Development Orthodoxy
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Alves, Sara Simone Boavida Carvalho Simões. 2002. "Programas de ajustamento estrutural na óptica do papel do estado na África a Sul do Saara". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão