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O contributo potencial da energia eólica offshore para as metas de descarbonizaçao da economia e do setor energético em Portugal para 2050
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As alterações climáticas e o esgotamento dos recursos fósseis favoreceram a produção de energia com fonte renovável, levando à transição energética com o objetivo de neutralidade carbónica para 2050. A União Europeia, que pretende ser o primeiro continente a atingir a neutralidade carbónica, desenvolveu novas tecnologias, tais como a eólica offshore, por forma a acelerar a transição energética. Portugal apresenta um elevado potencial neste tipo de energia pela densidade de costas marítimas que dispõe. A literatura proposta revê relatórios e roteiros estabelecidos pelo governo português e agências do setor energético, para alcançar uma economia de baixo carbono, fixando metas ambiciosas para 2030 e 2050. A intervenção do Estado é necessária para regular o setor e proteger o ecossistema marítimo, que a energia eólica offshore pode afetar pela sua instalação no mar. Esta dissertação explora o contributo das diferentes energias renováveis para a descarbonização do setor, com enfoque na eólica onshore e o peso crescente da eólica offshore, sendo esta o tema principal do trabalho final. A análise mostra que a offshore se desenvolveu através da aposta pelos decisores políticos na inovação e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Um aumento da capacidade instalada conjugado com turbinas mais potentes resultaram num aumento da produção de energia ao longo do século. A redução do custo nivelado de eletricidade (LCOE) também se tornou importante para atrair os investidores e ganhar a confiança dos mesmos para o desenvolvimento da offshore. Conclui-se desta investigação, a competitividade da eólica offshore face aos recursos fósseis e a existência de uma real oportunidade de mercado permitindo obter benefícios socioeconómicos pela criação de emprego e crescimento económico. Os decisores políticos mundiais nomeadamente portugueses, demostraram a vontade de descarbonizar o setor energético e assim criar uma economia "azul", baixa em carbono.
Climate change and the depletion of fossil resources facilitated the development of renewable energy, leading to the energy transition with the objective of carbon neutrality by 2050. The European Union, which intends to become the first continent to reach carbon neutrality, developed new technologies such as offshore wind power in order to accelerate its energy transition. Portugal has high potential in this type of energy thanks to the density of its coastal areas. The proposed literature reviews reports and roadmaps developed by the Portuguese government and agencies of the energy sector, in order to reach a low carbon economy, setting ambitious targets for 2030 and 2050. The intervention of the State is necessary to regulate the sector and protect the maritime ecosystem, which can be affected by the installation in the sea of offshore wind farms. This dissertation explores the contribution of different types of renewable energy to the decarbonization of the sector, with a focus on offshore wind power and its growing importance; that is the main theme of the final work. The analysis shows that the offshore development was made possible through political decision makers’ bet on innovation and technological advancement. The increase in capacity combined with more powerful turbines led to an increase of the energy produced throughout the century. The decrease of the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) also became an important factor to attract investors and gain their trust in the development of the offshore. It can be concluded from this investigation that offshore wind power is competitive against fossil resources and that there is a real market opportunity to drive socio-economic benefits, to create jobs and economic growth. Global political decision makers, in particular in Portugal, have demonstrated their will to decarbonize the energy sector and so, create a “blue” economy, low in carbon.
Climate change and the depletion of fossil resources facilitated the development of renewable energy, leading to the energy transition with the objective of carbon neutrality by 2050. The European Union, which intends to become the first continent to reach carbon neutrality, developed new technologies such as offshore wind power in order to accelerate its energy transition. Portugal has high potential in this type of energy thanks to the density of its coastal areas. The proposed literature reviews reports and roadmaps developed by the Portuguese government and agencies of the energy sector, in order to reach a low carbon economy, setting ambitious targets for 2030 and 2050. The intervention of the State is necessary to regulate the sector and protect the maritime ecosystem, which can be affected by the installation in the sea of offshore wind farms. This dissertation explores the contribution of different types of renewable energy to the decarbonization of the sector, with a focus on offshore wind power and its growing importance; that is the main theme of the final work. The analysis shows that the offshore development was made possible through political decision makers’ bet on innovation and technological advancement. The increase in capacity combined with more powerful turbines led to an increase of the energy produced throughout the century. The decrease of the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) also became an important factor to attract investors and gain their trust in the development of the offshore. It can be concluded from this investigation that offshore wind power is competitive against fossil resources and that there is a real market opportunity to drive socio-economic benefits, to create jobs and economic growth. Global political decision makers, in particular in Portugal, have demonstrated their will to decarbonize the energy sector and so, create a “blue” economy, low in carbon.
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Economia e Políticas Públicas
Palavras-chave
fonte renovável transição energética neutralidade carbónica eólica offshore descarbonização do setor desenvolvimento tecnológico LCOE benefícios socioeconómicos economia "azul" renewable sources energy transition carbon neutrality offshore wind power decarbonization of the energy sector technological development socio- economic benefits “blue” economy
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ferreira, Edgar Rodrigues (2021). "O contributo potencial da energia eólica offshore para as metas de descarbonizaçao da economia e do setor energético em Portugal para 2050". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão