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A proibição de retrocesso social e o controle judicial de políticas públicas de direitos sociais : limites e possibilidades
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Tem o presente estudo o escopo de investigar os limites e as possibilidades de atuação da justiça constitucional em sede de controle de políticas públicas de direitos sociais. Utiliza-se como parâmetro normativo as Constituições Portuguesa e Brasileira. A título de argumentação dos limites de controle judicial, o autor investiga e critica os fundamentos jurídicos que justificam a existência do nominado princípio de proibição do retrocesso social na doutrina e jurisprudência dos dois países em referência. Em uma análise dogmática da estrutura dos direitos sociais, pretende-se apontar as objeções ao controle judicial das políticas públicas desses direitos, a saber: a indeterminabilidade da norma; o princípio democrático; a reserva do possível, nas três vertentes, financeira, política e jurídica; a gradualidade da norma; e, por fim, uma análise contemporânea do princípio da separação de poderes. Postas as dificuldades de controle judicial das políticas públicas de direitos sociais, abrem-se algumas possibilidades, a partir de princípios constitucionais, a saber, proporcionalidade, segurança jurídica e proteção da confiança. Na segunda parte, o autor sistematiza a legitimidade da atuação da justiça constitucional em sede de políticas públicas de direitos sociais, bem como os seus limites jurídicos e fáticos no contexto do Estado de Direito Democrático. Com severas críticas, trata do ativismo judicial, reconhecendo nele um desbordamento da função jurisdicional. As tutelas individuais e coletivas são problematizadas a luz do princípio da igualdade. Já em tom de finalização do trabalho, propõe alguns parâmetros de controle judicial de políticas públicas de direitos sociais a partir de uma leitura dos princípios estruturantes e da própria Constituição como um todo. A abordagem final passa pela análise desse controle em tempos de crise financeira, para reafirmar a necessidade de um maior diálogo entre os Poderes da República, da justificação e transparência no diagnóstico da crise e a importância de se respeitar o princípio democrático.
The present study has the scope to investigate the limits and possibilities of action of constitutional justice in the control of social rights´ public policies. The normative parameters are the Portuguese and the Brazilian Constitutions. As an argument for the limits of judicial control, the author investigates and criticizes the legal grounds that justify the existence of the so-called principle of prohibition of social decline in the doctrine and jurisprudence of the aforementioned countries. In a dogmatic analysis of the structure of social rights, the author points out the objections to the judicial control of social rights´ public policies, namely: the indeterminable nature of the norm; the democratic principle; the principle of reserve for contingencies in its three aspects (financial, political and legal); the gradualness of the norm; and, finally, a contemporary analysis of the principle of separation of powers. Given the difficulties of judicial control of social rights public policies, the author argues about some of the possibilities to underpin such judicial control based on based on constitutional principles, to be specific, the principle of proportionality, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of mutual reliance and trust. In the second part, the author systematizes the legitimacy of the performance of constitutional justice in social rights´ public policies, as well as their legal and factual limits in the context of the Democratic Rule of Law. With severe criticism, the author writes about the judicial activism, interpreting it as a breakdown of the jurisdictional function. Individual and collective tutelages are problematized under the light of the principle of equality. Heading to conclusion, the author proposes some parameters of judicial control of social rights public policies based on the structuring constitutional principles and on the Constitution itself, as a whole. The final approach analyzes the exercise of such control in times of financial crisis, and reaffirms the need for greater dialogue among the Powers, encompassing reasoning and transparency in the diagnosis of the crisis and the importance of the democratic principle.
The present study has the scope to investigate the limits and possibilities of action of constitutional justice in the control of social rights´ public policies. The normative parameters are the Portuguese and the Brazilian Constitutions. As an argument for the limits of judicial control, the author investigates and criticizes the legal grounds that justify the existence of the so-called principle of prohibition of social decline in the doctrine and jurisprudence of the aforementioned countries. In a dogmatic analysis of the structure of social rights, the author points out the objections to the judicial control of social rights´ public policies, namely: the indeterminable nature of the norm; the democratic principle; the principle of reserve for contingencies in its three aspects (financial, political and legal); the gradualness of the norm; and, finally, a contemporary analysis of the principle of separation of powers. Given the difficulties of judicial control of social rights public policies, the author argues about some of the possibilities to underpin such judicial control based on based on constitutional principles, to be specific, the principle of proportionality, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of mutual reliance and trust. In the second part, the author systematizes the legitimacy of the performance of constitutional justice in social rights´ public policies, as well as their legal and factual limits in the context of the Democratic Rule of Law. With severe criticism, the author writes about the judicial activism, interpreting it as a breakdown of the jurisdictional function. Individual and collective tutelages are problematized under the light of the principle of equality. Heading to conclusion, the author proposes some parameters of judicial control of social rights public policies based on the structuring constitutional principles and on the Constitution itself, as a whole. The final approach analyzes the exercise of such control in times of financial crisis, and reaffirms the need for greater dialogue among the Powers, encompassing reasoning and transparency in the diagnosis of the crisis and the importance of the democratic principle.
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Palavras-chave
Direitos sociais Políticas públicas Controlo judicial Princípio democrático Justiça constitucional Limites Crise financeira Teses de mestrado - 2018