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Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do excesso de peso e obesidade em cães
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Resumo(s)
O excesso de peso e a obesidade humana são definidos, pela Organização Mundial de
Saúde, como uma acumulação anormal ou em excesso de tecido adiposo, que pode
provocar consequências nefastas para a saúde. Tal como no ser humano, o cão é,
igualmente, suscetível de desenvolver esta doença e consequentes alterações em
diversas funções biológicas. A prevalência desta doença nestes animais, nos países
desenvolvidos, tem vindo a aumentar de forma notória ao longo dos últimos anos, sendo,
atualmente, equiparada a uma “epidemia”, à semelhança do que se verifica na população
humana. Para além dos fatores endógenos, relacionados com o animal, estarem
envolvidos como agente causal, a alteração gradual do estilo de vida da sociedade
moderna, aliada a uma complexa ligação emocional desenvolvida entre o ser humano e
o cão, leva a que ocorra uma crescente manifestação de fatores de risco para o
desenvolvimento desta doença. De forma a identificar alguns destes fatores em Portugal,
foi realizado um estudo, com uma amostra de 90 cães, divididos em dois grupos: cães
com excesso de peso ou obesidade e cães com condição corporal ideal, de acordo com
o sistema de classificação do índice de condição corporal de 9 categorias (Laflamme et
al., 2003). Os cuidadores destes animais foram submetidos a um questionário, com
perguntas de escolha múltipla. Após análise, foram identificados como fatores de risco
inerentes ao animal: idade (≥ 8 anos, OR = 3.33, p < 0.05), sexo (fêmea, OR = 3.27, p <
0.01), manifestação de determinados comportamentos de procura e interesse por
alimento e estado reprodutivo (gonadectomizado, OR = 2.96, p < 0.05). Os fatores
atribuíveis aos cuidadores identificados foram: tipo de exercício físico conferido ao
animal (passeios na rua sem outro tipo de exercício físico associado, OR = 3.54, p <
0.05; o animal não realizar passeios na rua OR = 8.07, p < 0.01), frequência dos passeios
(p < 0.01), fornecimento de alimentos usualmente destinados ao consumo humano (OR
= 3.95, p < 0.01), diversas motivações para o fornecimento de alimentos extra
associadas a uma ligação emocional e falta de uma real consciência do excesso de peso
nos cães ser prejudicial à sua saúde (p < 0.01). Quanto aos fatores atribuíveis ao médico
veterinário, verificou-se que os cuidadores que não tinham sido informados qual era o
índice de condição corporal do seu animal de estimação, tinham uma probabilidade
significativamente maior de possuir um cão com excesso de peso ou obesidade (OR =
2.64, p < 0.05).
ABSTRACT - RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN DOGS - Overweight and obesity are defined, by the World Health Organization, as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, that may impair health. As in human beings, dogs are also susceptible of developing this condition and consequent changes in many biological functions. The prevalence of this disease in these animals, in developed countries, has been increasing in a notorious way over the past few years, and is now being compared to an “epidemic”, similarly to what is seen in the human population. Besides endogenous factors, related to the animal, being involved in the cause, the gradual changes in modern society’s lifestyle, combined with a complex emotional attachment developed between human beings and dogs, leads to a growing display of risk factors for the development of this disease. In order to identify some of these factors in Portugal, a study was conducted with a sample of 90 dogs, divided into two groups: overweight or obese dogs and dogs with an ideal body condition score, according to the body condition score system of 9 categories (Laflamme et al., 2003). The caregivers of these animals were subjected to a questionnaire, with multiple choice questions. After analysis, the animal’s risk factors were identified as: age (≥ 8 years, OR = 3.33, p < 0.05), sex (female, OR = 3.27, p < 0.01), expression of some food-seeking behaviors and reproductive status (neutered, OR = 2.96, p < 0.05). The caregivers’ risk factors were identified as: type of physical exercise allowed to the animal (walks without any other type of exercise included, OR = 3.54, p < 0.05; not taken out for walks, OR = 8.07, p < 0.01), frequency of walks (p < 0.01), feeding food for human consumption (OR = 3.95, p < 0.01), several motivations for feeding treats associated with an emotional bond, and lack of a real awareness that excess weight can be harmful to their dog’s health (p < 0.01). As to the factors associated with the veterinary practitioner, the caregivers that had not been informed of their dog’s body condition score had a significant higher chance of having an overweight or obese dog (OR = 2.64, p < 0.05).
ABSTRACT - RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN DOGS - Overweight and obesity are defined, by the World Health Organization, as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, that may impair health. As in human beings, dogs are also susceptible of developing this condition and consequent changes in many biological functions. The prevalence of this disease in these animals, in developed countries, has been increasing in a notorious way over the past few years, and is now being compared to an “epidemic”, similarly to what is seen in the human population. Besides endogenous factors, related to the animal, being involved in the cause, the gradual changes in modern society’s lifestyle, combined with a complex emotional attachment developed between human beings and dogs, leads to a growing display of risk factors for the development of this disease. In order to identify some of these factors in Portugal, a study was conducted with a sample of 90 dogs, divided into two groups: overweight or obese dogs and dogs with an ideal body condition score, according to the body condition score system of 9 categories (Laflamme et al., 2003). The caregivers of these animals were subjected to a questionnaire, with multiple choice questions. After analysis, the animal’s risk factors were identified as: age (≥ 8 years, OR = 3.33, p < 0.05), sex (female, OR = 3.27, p < 0.01), expression of some food-seeking behaviors and reproductive status (neutered, OR = 2.96, p < 0.05). The caregivers’ risk factors were identified as: type of physical exercise allowed to the animal (walks without any other type of exercise included, OR = 3.54, p < 0.05; not taken out for walks, OR = 8.07, p < 0.01), frequency of walks (p < 0.01), feeding food for human consumption (OR = 3.95, p < 0.01), several motivations for feeding treats associated with an emotional bond, and lack of a real awareness that excess weight can be harmful to their dog’s health (p < 0.01). As to the factors associated with the veterinary practitioner, the caregivers that had not been informed of their dog’s body condition score had a significant higher chance of having an overweight or obese dog (OR = 2.64, p < 0.05).
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Excesso de peso Obesidade Tecido adiposo Cão Fatores de risco Overweight Obesity Adipose tissue Dog Risk factors
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Honrado, S.A. (2018). Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do excesso de peso e obesidade em cães. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa,
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária