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Burnout nos estudantes de medicina : prevalência, determinantes e relação com empatia
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Contexto: A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina tem captado a atenção de investigadores e instituições de ensino, sendo o burnout um alvo de preocupação crescente atendendo às prevalências alarmantes em diversos países e às consequências negativas desta síndrome. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos (1) avaliar a prevalência de burnout nos estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (FML), (2) identificar fatores individuais, contextuais e estilos de vida que contribuem para o burnout e (3) avaliar a relação entre a empatia e o burnout. Métodos: Todos os alunos da FML matriculados no ano letivo 2018-2019, do 1º ao 6º ano foram convidados a participar no estudo, preenchendo um questionário online divulgado por email. O questionário integrava uma caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes, um conjunto de questões sobre fatores individuais, contextuais e estilos de vida; o Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) e o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal (IRI). Resultados: Responderam 291 estudantes (68% raparigas). A prevalência de burnout foi de 10.3%. Os estudantes do sexo feminino apresentaram scores superiores de burnout comparativamente aos estudantes do sexo masculino. Os fatores carga horária, falta de tempo para lazer, prazer de estudar e aprender mais sobre algo que me fascina, desafio de enfrentar situações difíceis e feedback construtivo e útil dos professores explicaram 46% da variância do burnout. Não se verificou uma associação entre a empatia e o burnout.
Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam uma prevalência de 10.3% de burnout nos estudantes da FML, sendo o contexto escolar e a motivação para a aprendizagem os principais fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de burnout.
Background: The mental health of medical students has attracted the attention of researchers and educational institutions, and burnout is a growing concern given the alarming prevalence in several countries and the negative consequences of this syndrome. Aims: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout in students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon (FML), (2) identify individual and contextual factors and lifestyles that contribute to burnout and (3) evaluate the relationship between empathy and burnout. Method: FML undergraduated medical students’ enrolled in the academic year 2018-2019 from 1st to 6th grade were invited to participate in the study by completing an online questionnaire posted by email. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic data, a set of questions about individual factors, contextual factors and lifestyles; the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results: A total of 291 students responded (68% girls). The prevalence of burnout was 10.3%. Female students had higher burnout scores compared to male students. The factors workload, lack of time for leisure, pleasure to study and learn more about something that fascinates me, challenge to face difficult situations and constructive and useful feedback from teachers, explained 46% of burnout variance. There was no association between empathy and burnout. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates a 10.3% prevalence of burnout in FML students’ where school context and motivation for learning revealed to be the main factors that contribute to the development of burnout.
Background: The mental health of medical students has attracted the attention of researchers and educational institutions, and burnout is a growing concern given the alarming prevalence in several countries and the negative consequences of this syndrome. Aims: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout in students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon (FML), (2) identify individual and contextual factors and lifestyles that contribute to burnout and (3) evaluate the relationship between empathy and burnout. Method: FML undergraduated medical students’ enrolled in the academic year 2018-2019 from 1st to 6th grade were invited to participate in the study by completing an online questionnaire posted by email. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic data, a set of questions about individual factors, contextual factors and lifestyles; the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results: A total of 291 students responded (68% girls). The prevalence of burnout was 10.3%. Female students had higher burnout scores compared to male students. The factors workload, lack of time for leisure, pleasure to study and learn more about something that fascinates me, challenge to face difficult situations and constructive and useful feedback from teachers, explained 46% of burnout variance. There was no association between empathy and burnout. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates a 10.3% prevalence of burnout in FML students’ where school context and motivation for learning revealed to be the main factors that contribute to the development of burnout.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020
Palavras-chave
Burnout Estudantes de medicina Empatia Factores de risco