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Inovação em dispositivos médicos: "Smart Wound Dressings"
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Resumo(s)
A gestão de feridas crónicas, como úlceras varicosas, úlceras arteriais, úlceras mistas, úlceras de pé diabético e úlceras de pressão, afeta recentemente entre 2,0 a 4,5 milhões de pessoas nos Estados Unidos da América, mobilizando cerca de 20 biliões de dólares por ano. No Reino Unido, os custos variam entre 4,5 a 5,1 biliões de libras. A nível europeu, cerca de 1,5 a 2 milhões de pessoas sofrem de feridas agudas ou crónicas e o valor alocado à gestão de feridas crónicas é de 6000 a 10000 euros por pessoa por ano. Além do impacto económico, estas feridas causam significativo sofrimento pessoal e social aos doentes e suas famílias, nomeadamente pela dor gerada e mobilidade reduzida.
Com base nestes dados, torna-se evidente a importância de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o processo de cicatrização de feridas crónicas e os seus biomarcadores, melhorar a monitorização e acompanhamento das mesmas e, consequentemente, de se atualizar a prática clínica. Neste contexto, existe uma intensa investigação para o desenvolvimento de Dispositivos Médicos inovadores, especificamente utilizando sensores para a monitorização de feridas crónicas, originando os “Smart Wound Dressings” (SWD).
Nesta monografia, abordam-se as fases de cicatrização das feridas, as características de um material de penso ideal, as limitações dos materiais de penso convencionais e os vários biomarcadores do estado das feridas, como a temperatura, pH, humidade, oxigenação, ácido úrico, pressão e glucose. São também discutidos os sensores (oxigénio, ácido úrico, bactérias, temperatura, peróxido de hidrogénio, pressão e humidade) e os SWD (oxigénio, ácido úrico, pH, temperatura e pressão) mais descritos na literatura.
Reflete-se igualmente sobre os desafios e oportunidades que esta área enfrenta, tais como a aplicação à prática clínica, otimização do hardware e da incorporação e libertação de fármacos, uma melhor definição de SWD e dos requisitos mínimos que estes devem apresentar, a pesquisa de novos biomarcadores, a integração de Inteligência Artificial e a sua utilização em telemedicina.
Em suma, trata-se de uma área de inovação em Dispositivos Médicos que mostra ser muito promissora para uma melhor gestão das feridas, resposta ao tratamento e acompanhamento dos doentes.
The management of chronic wounds such as varicose ulcers, arterial ulcers, mixed ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers, which affects nowadays between 2.0 and 4.5 million people in the United States of America mobilizes approximately 20 billion dollars per year. Comparatively, in the United Kingdom the costs range between 4.5 and 5.1 billion pounds. In Europe, around 1.5 to 2 million people suffer from acute or chronic wounds and the sum of money allocated to chronic wound management is between 6000 to 10000 euros per person per year. Besides the economic impact, these wounds also have a significant personal and social impact, not only on the patients, but also on their families, causing pain, reduced mobility, among other challenges. Given these data, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the healing process of chronic wounds and their respective biomarkers, to improve the monitoring and the follow-up, and consequently update clinical practice. This necessity has led to an intensive research into innovative Medical Devices, specifically using sensors for monitoring chronic wounds, originating the Smart Wound Dressings (SWD). This monograph addresses the phases of wound healing, the characteristics of an ideal wound dressing, the limitations of conventional wound dressings, and the various biomarkers indicative of wound status, such as temperature, pH, humidity, oxygenation, uric acid, pressure and glucose. It also discusses the sensors (for oxygen, uric acid, bacteria, temperature, hydrogen peroxide, pressure and humidity) and SWD (for oxygen, uric acid, pH, temperature and pressure) most frequently mentioned in the literature. Additionally, this monograph reflects on the challenges and opportunities in this field, including the application of these innovations in clinical practice, hardware optimization, the incorporation and release of medicines, clearer definitions of SWD and their minimum requirements, the discovery of new biomarkers, the integration of Artificial Intelligence and the use in telemedicine. In summary, this is a highly promising area of innovation in the field of Medical Devices, offering potential for the improvement of not only wound management, but also treatment responses, and patient monitoring.
The management of chronic wounds such as varicose ulcers, arterial ulcers, mixed ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers, which affects nowadays between 2.0 and 4.5 million people in the United States of America mobilizes approximately 20 billion dollars per year. Comparatively, in the United Kingdom the costs range between 4.5 and 5.1 billion pounds. In Europe, around 1.5 to 2 million people suffer from acute or chronic wounds and the sum of money allocated to chronic wound management is between 6000 to 10000 euros per person per year. Besides the economic impact, these wounds also have a significant personal and social impact, not only on the patients, but also on their families, causing pain, reduced mobility, among other challenges. Given these data, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the healing process of chronic wounds and their respective biomarkers, to improve the monitoring and the follow-up, and consequently update clinical practice. This necessity has led to an intensive research into innovative Medical Devices, specifically using sensors for monitoring chronic wounds, originating the Smart Wound Dressings (SWD). This monograph addresses the phases of wound healing, the characteristics of an ideal wound dressing, the limitations of conventional wound dressings, and the various biomarkers indicative of wound status, such as temperature, pH, humidity, oxygenation, uric acid, pressure and glucose. It also discusses the sensors (for oxygen, uric acid, bacteria, temperature, hydrogen peroxide, pressure and humidity) and SWD (for oxygen, uric acid, pH, temperature and pressure) most frequently mentioned in the literature. Additionally, this monograph reflects on the challenges and opportunities in this field, including the application of these innovations in clinical practice, hardware optimization, the incorporation and release of medicines, clearer definitions of SWD and their minimum requirements, the discovery of new biomarkers, the integration of Artificial Intelligence and the use in telemedicine. In summary, this is a highly promising area of innovation in the field of Medical Devices, offering potential for the improvement of not only wound management, but also treatment responses, and patient monitoring.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Smart wound dressings Feridas crónicas Biomarcadores Sensores Mestrado integrado - 2024