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Do amor e do desamor : variedades de experiências de ruptura e reparação e, regulação de necessidades na aliança amorosa de casais
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Resumo(s)
A investigação em casais tem-se centrado, maioritariamente, em identificar
características inerentes à regulação de afecto em casais, distinguindo os casais
regulados e desregulados. Nos primeiros têm-se identificado as características
interaccionais que promovem a qualidade da relação (Carrére, Coan, Gottman &
Swanson, 1998; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008; Johnson; 2008) e, nos segundos, os
ciclos interaccionais negativos originados por rupturas (e.g. infidelidade) na relação e
desenvolvimento consequente da escalada de conflito (Johnson; 2004; 2008; Gottman,
1993; Cramer, 2001; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008;) levando, por vezes, a uma
separação do casal.
O presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar a forma como os casais reparam as
micro-rupturas na relação e como é que nestes processos são reguladas as suas
necessidades psicológicas. Para tal desenvolveu-se um guião com perguntas acerca das
experiências de ruptura e de reparação dos participantes e, posteriormente, analisaramse
os dados utilizando um metodologia Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967).
Os dados mostraram que nos processos de reparação os parceiros envolvem-se ambos
no confronto da ruptura, estabelecendo diálogos esclarecedores da situação, que causou
a ruptura, com espaço para a validação da posição e opinião de ambos, mantendo a
calma e conseguindo promover efectivamente o encontro das suas necessidades. Isto
parece ser, em muito possível, por ambos desenvolverem um movimento de abertura de
espaço da relação, que lhes permite expressarem os seus sentimentos e pensamentos, e
efectivar o restabelecimento da segurança da mesma. Os dados mostram ainda que os
participantes adquirem conhecimento pessoal e relacional com estas experiências,
permitindo-lhes preencherem e equilibrarem necessidades naquelas duas esferas.
Nos processos de ruptura, os parceiros permanecem no afastamento gerado pós-ruptura
por não sentirem a sua posição respeitada e é instalado afecto desagradável no espaço
relacional. Existem dificuldades de regulação emocional, a comunicação é improdutiva
e iniciam ciclos de defesa da sua posição, inviabilizando qualquer encontro de
necessidades.
Research has focused mostly on identifying characteristics underlying affect regulation in couples, distinguishing regulated and dysregulated couples. Interactional features that promote relationship quality have been identified with the first ones (Carrére, Coan, Gottman & Swanson, 1998; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008; Johnson; 2008). Negative interactional cycles caused by major relationship ruptures (e.g. infidelity), or by conflict escalation, leading sometimes to a couple separation, have been identified with the others (Gottman, 1993; Johnson; 2004; 2008; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008). The present study aims to examine how couples repair micro-ruptures in the relationship and how their psychological needs are regulated during these processes. To do this, we developed a script with questions about the experiences of rupture and repair of the participants and then analyzed the data using a Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). The data showed that in the repair processes, partners engage both in confronting the rupture, establishing dialogues clarifying the situation that caused the rupture, with space to validate the position and opinion of both, keeping calmness and effectively promoting the meeting of their needs. This seems to be possible, by both developing an openning of space in the relationship that allows them to express their feelings and thoughts, and effecting the restoration of relationship security. The data also show that participants gain personal and relational knowledge with these experiences, allowing them to fulfill and balance needs in those two spheres. In the rupture processes, the partners remain withdrawn, because they do not feel respected in his position and distress gets into the relational space. There are emotional regulation difficulties, communication is unproductive and defense cycles emerge, preventing any mutual satisfaction of needs.
Research has focused mostly on identifying characteristics underlying affect regulation in couples, distinguishing regulated and dysregulated couples. Interactional features that promote relationship quality have been identified with the first ones (Carrére, Coan, Gottman & Swanson, 1998; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008; Johnson; 2008). Negative interactional cycles caused by major relationship ruptures (e.g. infidelity), or by conflict escalation, leading sometimes to a couple separation, have been identified with the others (Gottman, 1993; Johnson; 2004; 2008; Goldman & Greenberg, 2008). The present study aims to examine how couples repair micro-ruptures in the relationship and how their psychological needs are regulated during these processes. To do this, we developed a script with questions about the experiences of rupture and repair of the participants and then analyzed the data using a Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). The data showed that in the repair processes, partners engage both in confronting the rupture, establishing dialogues clarifying the situation that caused the rupture, with space to validate the position and opinion of both, keeping calmness and effectively promoting the meeting of their needs. This seems to be possible, by both developing an openning of space in the relationship that allows them to express their feelings and thoughts, and effecting the restoration of relationship security. The data also show that participants gain personal and relational knowledge with these experiences, allowing them to fulfill and balance needs in those two spheres. In the rupture processes, the partners remain withdrawn, because they do not feel respected in his position and distress gets into the relational space. There are emotional regulation difficulties, communication is unproductive and defense cycles emerge, preventing any mutual satisfaction of needs.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva- Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2012
Palavras-chave
Relações amorosas Regulação emocional Teses de mestrado - 2012