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Percepção dos tons em Mandarim por falantes nativos do Português Europeu
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O presente estudo visa investigar a percepção dos tons do Chinês Mandarim por falantes nativos do Português, determinar os fatores que condicionam a percepção dos tons, nomeadamente a natureza dos contrastes tonais (tipo de tom), a posição do tom (ordem) e a natureza do segmento em que o tom ocorre, e explorar a interação entre variação segmental e variação tonal na percepção dos tons.
Para atingir esse objectivo, foi realizada uma tarefa de percepção em que os participantes avaliaram o grau de semelhança/diferença perceptiva dos contrastes tonais e segmentais.
Os resultados mostraram que os falantes nativos do Português consideram que os pares que partilham características fonéticas parecidas, como é o caso dos pares T1T2 e T4T2, são mais difíceis de discriminar do que os restantes pares de tons. É possível que os falantes recorram mais à altura de F0 na discriminação dos tons, dado os pares com onset e offset semelhantes (e.g, T1T2, T2T1, T4T2 e T1T4) serem mais difíceis de discriminar.
A posição do tom revelou-se um fator não significativo. Já quanto à presença de contraste segmental e contraste tonal, os resultados confirmaram que os participantes são mais sensíveis ao contraste segmental que ao contraste tonal. Para além disso, o efeito do tom também foi significativo, pois pares com segmentos diferentes e tons diferentes, ou segmentos iguais e tons diferentes, foram percepcionados como sendo mais diferentes que, respectivamente, pares com segmentos diferentes e tons iguais ou pares com segmentos iguais e tons iguais. Por outras palavras, os falantes do Português não são “tone deaf”. Diferenças verificadas quanto ao tempo de reação nas condições tom igual e tom diferente apontam no mesmo sentido.
Foi observado ainda que os falantes nativos de Português têm mais dificuldades na discriminação de tons quando a vogal é ‘A’ do que com a vogal é ‘I’. Esse resultado não era esperado e poderá dever-se ao facto de a produção de ‘I’ com os vários tons ser mais estável do que ‘A’ em Mandarim.
The present study aims to investigate the perception of Mandarin tones by Portuguese native speakers, establish the factors that affect tone perception, namely the type of tone contrast, tone order, and the type of segment that bears the tone, as well as explore the interaction between segment variation and tone variation in tone perception. To this end, a perception task was performed in which participants were asked to assess the degree of similarity/difference of tone and segment contrasts. The results have shown that tone pairs sharing similar phonetic properties, like T1T2 and T4T2, are the most difficult to discriminate. This suggests that listeners use F0 height as the main perceptual cue, since pairs with similar F0 onset and offset (e.g., T1T2, T2T1, T4T2 and T1T4) are considered more similar than the others. Tone order was found not to be a significant factor for tone perception. By contrast, the difference between segmental and tonal contrasts was relevant. Listeners were more sensitive to the former than the latter. In addition, there was a main effect of tone, with better discrimination of pairs with a tonal contrast than without, other things being equal. This shows that Portuguese native speakers are not “tone deaf”. Differences in reaction time between the same and different tone conditions further support this finding. It was also found that native speakers of Portuguese have more difficulties in discriminating tone pairs with the vowel 'A' than with the vowel 'I'. This result was not expected. A possible explanation is that the production of the vowel ‘I’ with the various tones is more stable than the vowel ‘A’, in Mandarin.
The present study aims to investigate the perception of Mandarin tones by Portuguese native speakers, establish the factors that affect tone perception, namely the type of tone contrast, tone order, and the type of segment that bears the tone, as well as explore the interaction between segment variation and tone variation in tone perception. To this end, a perception task was performed in which participants were asked to assess the degree of similarity/difference of tone and segment contrasts. The results have shown that tone pairs sharing similar phonetic properties, like T1T2 and T4T2, are the most difficult to discriminate. This suggests that listeners use F0 height as the main perceptual cue, since pairs with similar F0 onset and offset (e.g., T1T2, T2T1, T4T2 and T1T4) are considered more similar than the others. Tone order was found not to be a significant factor for tone perception. By contrast, the difference between segmental and tonal contrasts was relevant. Listeners were more sensitive to the former than the latter. In addition, there was a main effect of tone, with better discrimination of pairs with a tonal contrast than without, other things being equal. This shows that Portuguese native speakers are not “tone deaf”. Differences in reaction time between the same and different tone conditions further support this finding. It was also found that native speakers of Portuguese have more difficulties in discriminating tone pairs with the vowel 'A' than with the vowel 'I'. This result was not expected. A possible explanation is that the production of the vowel ‘I’ with the various tones is more stable than the vowel ‘A’, in Mandarin.
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Língua chinesa - Tom (Linguística) Percepção de fala Teses de mestrado - 2021