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Concordância da classificação de vinculação do bebé à mãe e ao pai na «situação estranha» : uma revisão sistemática
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Introdução: Diferentes abordagens teóricas têm explicado o desenvolvimento dos padrões de vinculação na infância avaliados através do procedimento experimental «Situação Estranha». Se para uns o padrão de vinculação reflete a qualidade da relação entre as crianças e os seus cuidadores, destacando o papel da sensibilidade parental, para outros as variações na segurança da vinculação resultam do temperamento do bebé. Objetivo: Sistematizar a evidência sobre o grau de concordância entre os padrões de vinculação do bebé a ambos os pais avaliados no procedimento «Situação Estranha». Método: Esta revisão sistemática reuniu estudos originais publicados até janeiro de 2021, através da pesquisa das palavras-chave “attachment”, “strange situation”, “mothers or mother or motherhood or maternal or women or mums or parents”, “fathers or men or dads or paternal or male or partner” nas bases de dados Pubmed, EBSCO e Web of Science. Foram apenas incluídos estudos que avaliaram o padrão de vinculação da criança à mãe e ao pai, no mesmo estudo, através do procedimento experimental «Situação Estranha». Resultados: Foram selecionados 27 estudos. Dos 16 estudos em que foi possível calcular o coeficiente de Kappa, nove demonstraram uma fraca concordância entre os padrões de vinculação do bebé à mãe e ao pai, cinco obtiveram concordância razoável e dois obtiveram concordância moderada. Os estudos onde não se conseguiu calcular o coeficiente de Kappa verificou uma fraca ou insignificante concordância entre as percentagens dos padrões de vinculação da criança à mãe e ao pai. Conclusão: A fraca concordância entre os padrões de vinculação do bebé à mãe e ao pai reforça o contributo da qualidade da relação com os cuidadores no desenvolvimento dos padrões de vinculação.
Introduction: Different theoretical approaches have explained the development of attachment patterns in childhood assessed through the experimental procedure «Strange Situation». For some, the attachment pattern reflects the quality of the relationship between children and their caregivers, highlighting the role of parental sensitivity, for others, variations in attachment security result from the baby's temperament. Objective: To systematize the evidence on the degree of concordance between the baby's attachment patterns to both parents evaluated in the «Strange Situation» procedure. Method: This systematic review gathered original studies published up to January 2021, by searching the keywords “attachment”, “strange situation”, “mothers or mother or motherhood or maternal or women or mums or parents”, “fathers or men or dads or paternal or male or partner” in Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases. Only studies that evaluated the pattern of attachment of the child to the mother and father were included in the same study, through the experimental procedure «Strange Situation». Results: 27 studies were selected. Of the 16 studies in which it was possible to calculate the Kappa coefficient, nine showed poor concordance between the infant's attachment patterns to the mother and father, five had reasonable concordance and two had moderate concordance. Studies where it was not possible to calculate the Kappa coefficient found a weak or insignificant concordance between the percentages of the child's attachment patterns to the mother and father. Conclusion: The weak concordance between the baby's attachment patterns to the mother and father reinforces the contribution of the quality of the relationship with caregivers in the development of attachment patterns.
Introduction: Different theoretical approaches have explained the development of attachment patterns in childhood assessed through the experimental procedure «Strange Situation». For some, the attachment pattern reflects the quality of the relationship between children and their caregivers, highlighting the role of parental sensitivity, for others, variations in attachment security result from the baby's temperament. Objective: To systematize the evidence on the degree of concordance between the baby's attachment patterns to both parents evaluated in the «Strange Situation» procedure. Method: This systematic review gathered original studies published up to January 2021, by searching the keywords “attachment”, “strange situation”, “mothers or mother or motherhood or maternal or women or mums or parents”, “fathers or men or dads or paternal or male or partner” in Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases. Only studies that evaluated the pattern of attachment of the child to the mother and father were included in the same study, through the experimental procedure «Strange Situation». Results: 27 studies were selected. Of the 16 studies in which it was possible to calculate the Kappa coefficient, nine showed poor concordance between the infant's attachment patterns to the mother and father, five had reasonable concordance and two had moderate concordance. Studies where it was not possible to calculate the Kappa coefficient found a weak or insignificant concordance between the percentages of the child's attachment patterns to the mother and father. Conclusion: The weak concordance between the baby's attachment patterns to the mother and father reinforces the contribution of the quality of the relationship with caregivers in the development of attachment patterns.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Vinculação Situação estranha Mãe Pai