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Small-diameter implants for definitive prosthodontic treatment: a literature review
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Resumo(s)
Introduction: Dental implants are available in a wide range of diameters. Although there is still no clear definition, in this review small-diameter implants (SDIs) were considered ≤3.5mm in width. SDIs are mainly used when the placement of a larger implant is difficult due to insufficient bone substance. Due to structural weakness and a smaller contact area with the bone, they have been associated with biomechanical risk factors, especially in high occlusal loads, which might lead to peri-implant bone resorption or fatigue fracture of the implant. Their survival and success rates in short-term follow-up seem to be comparable to regular-diameter implants (>95%). The aim of this study was to review the survival and success rates of SDIs in definitive prosthetics, and report complications and failure reasons associated. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was undertaken in the PubMed database until March 2016, for small-diameter, narrow-diameter and mini implants with a diameter ≤3.5mm, used for definitive prosthetics with a follow-up time after loading of ≥1month. Results: The electronic search resulted in 907 publications and 79 met the eligibility criteria. The mean survival rate was 95,2% with a mean follow-up time of 2,7years (6weeks to 12years). Most common failures were of early biological origins. Complications were biologic or prosthetic related. SDIs were mainly inserted in anterior regions of the mandible or both jaws, restored with overdentures or fixed single restorations, following a one-stage surgical approach and immediate loading protocols. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this review, survival of SDIs seems to be comparable to regular-diameter implants in short-term. Early biologic failures could be related to immediate loading protocols. More RCTs with longer follow-up times are necessary to address these speculations, confirm SDIs long-term survival, study their ideal loading protocol related to restoration type and investigate their use in more occlusive demanding situations.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2016
Palavras-chave
Prostodontia Implantes dentários Teses de mestrado - 2016