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Introdução: A alimentação pode tornar-se um dos principais problemas da pessoa em fim de vida (PFV) devido Ć s alteraƧƵes que surgem decorrentes do avanƧar da doenƧa, constituindo-se, muitas vezes, um ponto de divergĆŖncia entre o que esta pessoa deseja e aquilo que a famĆlia pensa ser adequado, criando tambĆ©m dilemas aos profissionais de saĆŗde. A evidĆŖncia cientĆfica Ć© escassa quanto Ć s intervenƧƵes do enfermeiro no cuidado alimentar Ć PFV, pelo que delineĆ”mos a questĆ£o de investigação: āQual o processo de cuidados de enfermagem Ć pessoa em fim de vida no desempenho da atividade de vida (AV) comer e beber?ā. Os objetivos deste estudo sĆ£o: caraterizar o processo de cuidados de enfermagem Ć PFV hospitalizada no desempenho da AV comer e beber; identificar os fatores que condicionam este processo; identificar as estratĆ©gias de ação/interação do enfermeiro Ć PFV no desempenho desta AV e as suas consequĆŖncias; construir uma explicação teórica do fenómeno em estudo.
Metodologia: Investigação qualitativa, raciocĆnio abdutivo, perspectiva orientadora do interaccionismo simbólico e mĆ©todo da Grounded Theory Strausseriana. Os participantes sĆ£o: enfermeiros que cuidam da PFV em internamento de Cuidados Paliativos; doentes em fim de vida, conscientes, cuidados por aqueles enfermeiros e sua famĆlia/pessoas significativas. As tĆ©cnicas de colheita de dados sĆ£o: observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada.
Achados: As categorias de condição neste processo sĆ£o: ir conhecendo a pessoa e famĆlia; ser enfermeiro: aptidĆ£o, sensibilidade e convicção; hospital flexĆvel. As categorias de ação/interação neste processo sĆ£o: gerir a alimentação; trabalhar em equipa; educar e guiar; ilimitar o cuidado; gerir o seu sentir. As consequĆŖncias sĆ£o: vivĆŖncia melhorada da pessoa e famĆlia; vivĆŖncia profissional melhorada. O processo estudado Ć© explicado por quatro subprocessos articulados: Harmonizar a alimentação a: (1)hĆ”bito e preferĆŖncia, (2)atividade, (3)capacidade e dolĆŖncia, (4)desejo da pessoa, constituindo-se como categoria central deste processo: āHarmonizar a alimentação com a PFVā.
ConclusĆ£o: O enfermeiro harmoniza a alimentação com a PFV, priorizando a harmonização da alimentação ao seu desejo, desde que a seguranƧa seja mantida. Para que isto ocorra Ć© essencial o enfermeiro conhecer aprofundadamente a pessoa e famĆlia. As aƧƵes/interaƧƵes do enfermeiro na harmonização da alimentação com a pessoa tĆŖm consequĆŖncias positivas para os envolvidos.
Assiste-se ao desmedicalizar da alimentação, à promoção de carpe diem e a um cuidado centrado na pessoa.
Introduction: Feeding can become one of the main problems for the terminally ill person due to the changes that arise from the advancement of the disease, constituting a point of divergence between what the person wants and what the family thinks is appropriate, creating dilemmas for health professionals. The scientific evidence for nurses interventions related to the end-of-life persons feeding care was scarce, so we constructed the research question: "What is the nursing care process in the performance of Activity of Living (AL) eating and drinking of the terminally ill person? The objectives of this study are: to characterise the nursing care process of the hospitalised terminally ill person in the performance of AL eating and drinking; to identify the factors that influence this process; to identify the strategies of action/interaction of nurses with the terminally ill person in the performance of this AL and its consequences; and to construct a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon under study. Methodology: Qualitative research, abductive reasoning, guiding perspective of symbolic interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory method. The participants are: nurses caring for terminally ill person in inpatient palliative care unit; conscious terminally ill person cared by unit nurses and their family/significant people. Data collection techniques were: participant observation and semi-structured interview. Findings: The categories of condition in this process are: Knowing the person and the family; being a nurse: aptitude, sensitivity and conviction; flexible hospital. The categories of action/interaction in this process are: managing food; working whitin a team; educating and guiding; unlimited care; and managing one's feelings. The consequences are: improved experience of the person and family; improved experience of the profession. The studied process is explained by four articulated sub-processes: Harmonising feeding to: (1) habit and preference, (2) activity, (3) capacity and illness, (4) desire of the person, constituting the central category of this process: "Harmonizing feeding with the terminally ill person". Conclusion: The nurse harmonizes feeding with the terminally ill person, prioritizing the harmonization of feeding to the desire, while maintaining safety. For this to happen, it is essential for nurses to know the terminally ill person and family in depth. The nurse's actions/interactions whith the person for the harmonization of feeding have positive consequences for those involved. We are witnessing the demedicalization of feeding, the promotion of carpe diem and a person centered care.
Introduction: Feeding can become one of the main problems for the terminally ill person due to the changes that arise from the advancement of the disease, constituting a point of divergence between what the person wants and what the family thinks is appropriate, creating dilemmas for health professionals. The scientific evidence for nurses interventions related to the end-of-life persons feeding care was scarce, so we constructed the research question: "What is the nursing care process in the performance of Activity of Living (AL) eating and drinking of the terminally ill person? The objectives of this study are: to characterise the nursing care process of the hospitalised terminally ill person in the performance of AL eating and drinking; to identify the factors that influence this process; to identify the strategies of action/interaction of nurses with the terminally ill person in the performance of this AL and its consequences; and to construct a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon under study. Methodology: Qualitative research, abductive reasoning, guiding perspective of symbolic interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory method. The participants are: nurses caring for terminally ill person in inpatient palliative care unit; conscious terminally ill person cared by unit nurses and their family/significant people. Data collection techniques were: participant observation and semi-structured interview. Findings: The categories of condition in this process are: Knowing the person and the family; being a nurse: aptitude, sensitivity and conviction; flexible hospital. The categories of action/interaction in this process are: managing food; working whitin a team; educating and guiding; unlimited care; and managing one's feelings. The consequences are: improved experience of the person and family; improved experience of the profession. The studied process is explained by four articulated sub-processes: Harmonising feeding to: (1) habit and preference, (2) activity, (3) capacity and illness, (4) desire of the person, constituting the central category of this process: "Harmonizing feeding with the terminally ill person". Conclusion: The nurse harmonizes feeding with the terminally ill person, prioritizing the harmonization of feeding to the desire, while maintaining safety. For this to happen, it is essential for nurses to know the terminally ill person and family in depth. The nurse's actions/interactions whith the person for the harmonization of feeding have positive consequences for those involved. We are witnessing the demedicalization of feeding, the promotion of carpe diem and a person centered care.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
alimentação harmonia cuidado de enfermagem pessoa em fim de vida Grounded Theory feeding harmony nursing care terminally ill
