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A presente dissertação de mestrado entende que as mudanças climáticas consistem em um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pela humanidade e são responsáveis pelo surgimento de novos problemas na sociedade atual. Os deslocados climáticos são um desses novos desafios, que a comunidade internacional não foi capaz de prever e não são reconhecidos em nenhum dos instrumentos jurídicos de proteção atual, como a Convenção de 1951 sobre o Estatuto dos Refugiados. Este trabalho possui como principal objetivo: comprovar a urgência da elaboração de uma Convenção Internacional Relativa ao Estatuto dos Deslocados Climáticos, demonstrando o limbo jurídico em que esse grupo se encontra e, tentando, de tal forma, comprovar que: I) as alterações climáticas estão ocorrendo e as atividades antrópicas têm um papel fundamental para a intensificação desse fenômeno; II) os deslocados climáticos são vítimas diretas desses eventos; III) existe uma lacuna jurídica de proteção; IV) a elaboração de uma Convenção é essencial, porém é um processo burocrático e de longo prazo; V) existem medidas que podem ser adotadas de maneira imediata e temporária; VI) o problema dos deslocados climáticos é universal e necessita de uma cooperação conjunta na estruturação de uma nova norma jurídica. Assim, primeiramente, será feita uma introdução sobre como as alterações climáticas estão afetando as sociedades e qual é o papel do direito nessas situações. Depois, será analisada a insuficiência do termo “refugiados ambientais” e a lacuna jurídica no âmbito internacional, em que os deslocados climáticos se encontram, bem como as principais propostas existentes para saná-la. Logo após, será feito um estudo prático sobre a situação dos Pequenos Estados Insulares. Em seguida, será constatada a importância dos mecanismos de soft law como alternativas temporárias viáveis até a criação de um instrumento específico e vinculante. Por último, serão examinados quais são os principais elementos e características que uma futura Convenção deve possuir para garantir uma proteção eficaz.
This Master's Thesis understands that climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity and is responsible for the emergence of new problems in our society. The issue of climate displaced persons is one of the new challenges that the international community has been unable to foresee, currently not recognized in any of the current legal instruments of protection, such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The main objective of this paper is to provide arguments for the urgency of the ratification of a new International Convention on the Status of Climate Displaced Persons, in order to demonstrate the existence of a legal limbo in this subject and to prove that: I) climate change is occurring and the anthropic activities played a fundamental role in the intensification of this phenomenon; II) climate displaced persons are direct victims of these events; III) there is a legal protection gap; IV) the elaboration of a Convention is essential, but it is a bureaucratic and long-term process; V) there are temporary measures that can be taken immediately; VI) the problem of climate displaced persons is universal and requires joint cooperation in order to structure a new legal instrument. In order to achieve these objectives, an introduction will be made on how climate change is affecting societies and what is the role of law in these situations. Then, this paper will examine the inadequacy of the term "environmental refugees" and the existence of an international legal gap related to climate displaced people, as well as the main existing proposals to fix it. After that, a practical study will be made on the Small Island States case. Next, the importance of soft law mechanisms as viable temporary alternatives until the creation of a specific and binding instrument will be analyzed. Finally, we will look at the main elements and characteristics that a future Convention should recognize to ensure an effective protection.
This Master's Thesis understands that climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity and is responsible for the emergence of new problems in our society. The issue of climate displaced persons is one of the new challenges that the international community has been unable to foresee, currently not recognized in any of the current legal instruments of protection, such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The main objective of this paper is to provide arguments for the urgency of the ratification of a new International Convention on the Status of Climate Displaced Persons, in order to demonstrate the existence of a legal limbo in this subject and to prove that: I) climate change is occurring and the anthropic activities played a fundamental role in the intensification of this phenomenon; II) climate displaced persons are direct victims of these events; III) there is a legal protection gap; IV) the elaboration of a Convention is essential, but it is a bureaucratic and long-term process; V) there are temporary measures that can be taken immediately; VI) the problem of climate displaced persons is universal and requires joint cooperation in order to structure a new legal instrument. In order to achieve these objectives, an introduction will be made on how climate change is affecting societies and what is the role of law in these situations. Then, this paper will examine the inadequacy of the term "environmental refugees" and the existence of an international legal gap related to climate displaced people, as well as the main existing proposals to fix it. After that, a practical study will be made on the Small Island States case. Next, the importance of soft law mechanisms as viable temporary alternatives until the creation of a specific and binding instrument will be analyzed. Finally, we will look at the main elements and characteristics that a future Convention should recognize to ensure an effective protection.
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Alterações climáticas Mobilidade geográfica Estados insulares Refugiados Teses de mestrado - 2019
