| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.46 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A utilização de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) em operações militares e civis tem aumentado significativamente comparada com os meios tripulados, em virtude da sua facilidade e versatilidade de emprego, baixos custos de operação e manutenção e redução do risco para a vida humana. A Marinha Portuguesa iniciou a integração destes meios como complemento dos atuais meios de vigilância, permitindo aumentar a sua capacidade de resposta em diferentes tipos de missões, nomeadamente na área de surveillance onde se destacam: missões de busca e salvamento; patrulha de área; monitorização e seguimento de navios ou embarcações com comportamento suspeito; monitorização e proteção de corredores de tráfego marítimo; segurança de portos; controlo da poluição; controlo da imigração e pesca ilegais; entre outras.
Pretendendo dar um contributo na otimização da utilização destes meios, o presente trabalho baseou-se fundamentalmente nas missões de patrulha de área, onde um VANT opera com limites espaciais bem definidos. Ao longo do tempo, surgem vários alvos com movimento próprio, que acabarão por ultrapassar os limites da área de operações, impedindo a continuação ou mesmo o início da sua monitorização.
Sendo importante que a monitorização dos alvos seja feita dentro da área de operações, é necessário determinar os que são considerados de maior importância e ordená-los segundo uma regra de prioridade.
Por simulação, foram testadas cinco regras de prioridade em oito instâncias diferentes do problema, num total de mil alvos cada, sendo parâmetros diferenciadores de cada instância: a taxa de chegadas de novos alvos à área, a sua velocidade e a duração de processamento necessária.
Verificou-se que a distância ao ponto de interseção com o alvo e a duração de processamento, associados ao grau de importância atribuído, são atributos determinantes na ordenação. Foram obtidos bons resultados com regras de prioridade que têm estes atributos em consideração, quando comparadas com outras regras de prioridade mais simples e comuns na literatura, em particular quando a taxa de chegadas de novos alvos à área de operações é elevada.
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in military and civilian operations has significantly increased when compared with manned vehicles, because of their simplicity and versatility of use, low operational and life-cycle costs and low risk to human life. The Portuguese Navy began integrating these vehicles to complement it current capabilities, improving the readiness to perform different types of missions, especially in surveillance tasks, including: search and rescue missions; area patrolling; monitoring and tracking of suspicious vessels; monitoring and protection of maritime traffic corridors; harbor protection; pollution detection and control; illegal immigration and fishing control. Wishing to contribute to optimize the usage of these vehicles, the present work was primarily based on studying area patrolling missions, considering an UAV operating within well-defined spatial limits. Along time, several targets appear, with movement, eventually reaching the area limits, thus precluding the continuation or even the start of their monitoring. Taking into account that the processing of targets must be made within the area of operations, it is necessary to determine which targets should be considered more important and to order them according to a priority rule. Through simulation, five priority rules were tested in eight different problem instances, with a total of one thousand targets each. The parameters that characterized each instance were: the rate of arrivals of new targets to the area, their speed and the required processing time. It was found that the distance to the target intersection point and the processing time, as well as the degree of importance assigned to the target are critical attributes. Good results were achieved with priority rules that take these into consideration, when compared to other simple priority rules, especially when the target arrivals rate is high.
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in military and civilian operations has significantly increased when compared with manned vehicles, because of their simplicity and versatility of use, low operational and life-cycle costs and low risk to human life. The Portuguese Navy began integrating these vehicles to complement it current capabilities, improving the readiness to perform different types of missions, especially in surveillance tasks, including: search and rescue missions; area patrolling; monitoring and tracking of suspicious vessels; monitoring and protection of maritime traffic corridors; harbor protection; pollution detection and control; illegal immigration and fishing control. Wishing to contribute to optimize the usage of these vehicles, the present work was primarily based on studying area patrolling missions, considering an UAV operating within well-defined spatial limits. Along time, several targets appear, with movement, eventually reaching the area limits, thus precluding the continuation or even the start of their monitoring. Taking into account that the processing of targets must be made within the area of operations, it is necessary to determine which targets should be considered more important and to order them according to a priority rule. Through simulation, five priority rules were tested in eight different problem instances, with a total of one thousand targets each. The parameters that characterized each instance were: the rate of arrivals of new targets to the area, their speed and the required processing time. It was found that the distance to the target intersection point and the processing time, as well as the degree of importance assigned to the target are critical attributes. Good results were achieved with priority rules that take these into consideration, when compared to other simple priority rules, especially when the target arrivals rate is high.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Estatística e Investigação Operacional, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
Palavras-chave
Veículos aéreos não tripulados Problemas de roteamento dinâmico de veículos Problemas dinâmicos de Job Shop Regras de sequenciamento Simulação Teses de mestrado - 2015
