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Texto e autoridade : diversificação sociocultural e religiosa com a Sociedade Bíblica em Portugal : 1804-1940
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Resumo(s)
No trânsito da modernidade, entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, a referência à Bíblia constituiu um
facto de expansão do cristianismo, persistindo nesse processo aspectos de destrinça entre as diversas
correntes existentes e as novas que foram surgindo entretanto. Parte desta história foi protagonizada
pelas Sociedades Bíblicas, cuja dinâmica foi inaugurada naquele período. O objecto desta tese é a
apreciação do percurso e complexidade da implantação da Sociedade Bíblica Britânica e Estrangeira
(SBBE) em Portugal e a análise da problemática da divulgação da Bíblia e do impacto cultural
impostos pela implementação daquele projecto no nosso país, procurando-se compreender aquela
instituição não apenas a partir dos seus limites, mas também da sua plasticidade no respeitante aos
seus objectivos e à sua concretização conjuntural, num percurso que acompanhamos desde a fundação
daquela instituição (1804) até à data a da realização do primeiro Congresso Bíblico Português (1940).
Através da implementação do seu plano de difusão bíblica, alicerçado na estruturação de uma
rede lata de colaboradores, no estabelecimento de uma Agência na cidade de Lisboa, na construção de
um sistema de colportagem e na criação dos chamados «Depósitos bíblicos», a SBBE protagonizou
uma acção pioneira na sociedade portuguesa, desenvolvendo a sua acção num terreno específico de
afrontamento de legitimidades, entre as quais se destacaram a liberdade de publicar, o livre acesso aos
textos bíblicos em língua vernacular e o direito a publicar várias versões bíblicas numa mesma língua.
Nesse sentido, a história da Sociedade Bíblica permite-nos acompanhar uma dinâmica de circulação
interna na sociedade portuguesa que, centrada em torno da edição dos textos bíblicos, extravasa
largamente o campo do religioso, precisamente porque aquele texto sagrado, apesar de integrado num
programa de sentido universalizante como era o daquela instituição, tendia, pela sua natureza, a
potenciar dinâmicas de natureza conflitual, introduzindo no debate cultural temáticas como a da
Verdade e a da Autoridade e vendo-as necessariamente confrontadas com conceitos como os de
Liberdade ou da Consciência, entendidos, combinados e contrapostos entre si de maneira distinta pelos
diversos receptores daquela mensagem bíblica e defensores e opositores daquele projecto.
O percurso da Sociedade Bíblica no país e o plano de divulgação bíblica que a mesma
protagonizou foram parte integrante e activa do processo de recomposição religiosa em curso em
Portugal na transição do século XIX para o século XX. Durante esse período a Sociedade Bíblica,
promovendo as primeiras experiências no âmbito do interconfessionalismo cristão e
interdenominacionalismo evangélico que tiveram lugar no país, constituiu-se também enquanto
referencial de fronteira entre aqueles que se apropriaram do seu agir como factor contributivo para um
processo de protestantização no país e o terreno católico que se defendeu dessa projecção confessional
recorrendo, por sua vez, à relação específica do catolicismo romano com a Bíblia e ao lugar
hegemónico que o mesmo ocupava no seio do contexto religioso e cultural português. Intervindo
activamente naquele processo de diferenciação, o papel da Sociedade Bíblica estruturou-se também no
âmbito da ampla complexificação do sistema religioso que acompanhou a construção da sociedade
liberal em Portugal.
In the transition of modernity, between the 18th and 19th centuries, the reference to the Bible played a role on the expansion of Christianity, being a differentiation factor between the currents that existed and those which emerged meanwhile. A part of that history was promoted by the Bible Societies which appeared in that period. The object of this thesis is the appreciation of the complex process of implantation of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) in Portugal and the analysis of the Bible dissemination problematic as well as of the cultural impact imposed by the prosecution of this project. Thereafter, a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of that institution was pursued, not only within its limits, but also regarding the shaping of its goals and their pursuit within the context of the Portuguese society. This process is analysed from the foundation of the BFBS (1804) to the first Portuguese Bible Congress (1940). With its programme of dissemination of the Bible, which was supported by the development of an extensive network of collaborators, by the establishment of an Agency in Lisbon, by the implementation of the colportage system and by the establishment of the “Bible Depôts”, the BFBS led a pioneer action in the Portuguese society, developing its work in a specific field of confrontation of legitimacies, namely the liberty to publish, the free access to the biblical text in vernacular languages, and the right to publish several Bible versions in the same language. In that sense, the history of the Bible Society allows us to monitor a dynamic of circulation within the Portuguese society which, in spite of being centred around the edition of the biblical texts, goes beyond the religious field, precisely because that sacred text tended, by its nature, to enhance dynamics of conflict. Indeed, the Bible introduced important concepts such as those of Truth and Authority in the cultural debate and led them to be confronted them with those of Liberty and Consciousness, which were differently perceived, combined and opposed by the various receivers of that biblical message and advocates and opposers of that project. The trajectory of the Bible Society in Portugal and its Bible dissemination programme were an active part of the process of religious recomposition which took place in the 19th and 20th centuries in the country. During that period the Bible Society promoted the first Christian interfaith and evangelical interdenominational experiences in Portugal and constituted itself as a benchmark of frontier between those who appropriated themselves of its action in order to promote the protestantization of the country and those in the catholic field who opposed that project basing themselves in the specific relationship of the roman Catholicism with the Bible and in the hegemonic position that same church had in the Portuguese religious and cultural context. Actively intervening in that differentiation process, the role of the Bible Society also developed itself in the extensive complexification of the religious system which was part of the construction of the liberal society in Portugal.
In the transition of modernity, between the 18th and 19th centuries, the reference to the Bible played a role on the expansion of Christianity, being a differentiation factor between the currents that existed and those which emerged meanwhile. A part of that history was promoted by the Bible Societies which appeared in that period. The object of this thesis is the appreciation of the complex process of implantation of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) in Portugal and the analysis of the Bible dissemination problematic as well as of the cultural impact imposed by the prosecution of this project. Thereafter, a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of that institution was pursued, not only within its limits, but also regarding the shaping of its goals and their pursuit within the context of the Portuguese society. This process is analysed from the foundation of the BFBS (1804) to the first Portuguese Bible Congress (1940). With its programme of dissemination of the Bible, which was supported by the development of an extensive network of collaborators, by the establishment of an Agency in Lisbon, by the implementation of the colportage system and by the establishment of the “Bible Depôts”, the BFBS led a pioneer action in the Portuguese society, developing its work in a specific field of confrontation of legitimacies, namely the liberty to publish, the free access to the biblical text in vernacular languages, and the right to publish several Bible versions in the same language. In that sense, the history of the Bible Society allows us to monitor a dynamic of circulation within the Portuguese society which, in spite of being centred around the edition of the biblical texts, goes beyond the religious field, precisely because that sacred text tended, by its nature, to enhance dynamics of conflict. Indeed, the Bible introduced important concepts such as those of Truth and Authority in the cultural debate and led them to be confronted them with those of Liberty and Consciousness, which were differently perceived, combined and opposed by the various receivers of that biblical message and advocates and opposers of that project. The trajectory of the Bible Society in Portugal and its Bible dissemination programme were an active part of the process of religious recomposition which took place in the 19th and 20th centuries in the country. During that period the Bible Society promoted the first Christian interfaith and evangelical interdenominational experiences in Portugal and constituted itself as a benchmark of frontier between those who appropriated themselves of its action in order to promote the protestantization of the country and those in the catholic field who opposed that project basing themselves in the specific relationship of the roman Catholicism with the Bible and in the hegemonic position that same church had in the Portuguese religious and cultural context. Actively intervening in that differentiation process, the role of the Bible Society also developed itself in the extensive complexification of the religious system which was part of the construction of the liberal society in Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sociedade Bíblica de Portugal - 1804- 1940 Bíblia - Edição - Portugal - 1804- 1940 Bíblia - Autenticidade Bíblia - Crítica e exegese Sociologia religiosa Teses de doutoramento - 2017