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O papel da experiência mística na utilização da psilocibina no tratamento da depressão
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Introdução: Estima-se que as perturbações depressivas tenham uma prevalência ao longo da vida de 19,3% em Portugal. Apesar das terapêuticas eficazes atualmente disponíveis, entre elas os Inibidores de Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRS) como primeira linha, uma fração significativa dos pacientes que a elas se submetem permanecem sintomáticos. Como resposta à inaptidão da terapêutica convencional perante estes casos surge a necessidade de abrir portas à exploração de novas alternativas, entre elas, a Psilocibina. Vários artigos têm vindo a evidenciar não só a eficácia deste psicadélico clássico no tratamento de algumas perturbações mentais (nomeadamente em transtornos depressivos, ansiosos e a aditivos associados ao tabaco e nicotina) como também têm revelado a sua capacidade em propiciar experiências do tipo místico. Estas experiências aparentam estar intimamente associadas à melhoria da sintomatologia associada a estas perturbações na população submetida ao tratamento experimental com a psilocibina em associação com a psicoterapia em contexto clínco.
Objetivo: Contextualizar e interpretar a importância da experiência mística na utilização da Psilocibina como agente terapêutico e a sua relação com a eficácia deste psicadélico no tratamento da depressão.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct e NCBI de ensaios clínicos que avaliassem a experiência mística no contexto do uso da Psilocibina no tratamento de pacientes com o diagnóstico clínico de um transtorno depressivo, publicados entre 2006 e 2022.
Resultados: Os 5 ensaios clínicos incluídos nesta revisão demonstraram a eficácia e segurança da utilização da psilocibina em associação com psicoterapia no tratamento da depressão primária e secundária. Foi estabelecida também uma possível relação entre a capacidade deste psicadélico clássico induzir experiências místicas com o seu uso terapêutico nesta patologia.
Conclusões: A utilização de psilocibina em conjunção com psicoterapia utilizada em contexto clínico foi administrada de forma segura e com bom perfil de segurança. A sua capacidade de induzir experiências do tipo místico aparenta contribuir para a eficácia do tratamento da depressão.
Introduction: It is estimated that depressive disorders have a lifetime prevalence of about 19.3% in Portugal. Despite the several available treatments, including SSRIs as first-line, a significant portion of the patients submitted to them remain symptomatic. As a response to the manifest inaptitude shown by conventional therapy towards these cases, a need to explore new alternatives arises, one of them being Psilocybin. Several articles have shown not only the viability of usage of this classic psychedelic in the treatment of some psychiatric diseases (such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and addictive disorders to tobacco and alcohol), but also its capacity to induce mystical-type experiences. These mystical experiences appear to be deeply associated to the improvement of some psychological outcomes in the subjects submitted to experimental treatment with Psilocybin. Objective: Contextualize and interpret the importance of mystical-type experiences in the usage of Psilocybin as a therapeutic agent and its relationship with the efficacy of this classic psychedelic in the treatment of depression. Methods: A bibliography search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct and NCBI of clinical trials that involved the usage of psilocybin in the treatment of patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary or secondary depression published from 2006 to 2022. Results: The 5 trials included in this review demonstrated the efficacy and safety related to the usage of psilocybin in the treatment of primary and secondary depression. It was also established a possible relationship between this psychedelic’s capability to induce mystical experiences to its therapeutic usage in the context of this depression. Conclusions: We can conclude that psylocibin in a clinical setting was administered safely and with good efficacy in the context of the treatment of primary and secondary depression. Its antidepressive effects appear to be related to its capability to induce mystical-type experiences.
Introduction: It is estimated that depressive disorders have a lifetime prevalence of about 19.3% in Portugal. Despite the several available treatments, including SSRIs as first-line, a significant portion of the patients submitted to them remain symptomatic. As a response to the manifest inaptitude shown by conventional therapy towards these cases, a need to explore new alternatives arises, one of them being Psilocybin. Several articles have shown not only the viability of usage of this classic psychedelic in the treatment of some psychiatric diseases (such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and addictive disorders to tobacco and alcohol), but also its capacity to induce mystical-type experiences. These mystical experiences appear to be deeply associated to the improvement of some psychological outcomes in the subjects submitted to experimental treatment with Psilocybin. Objective: Contextualize and interpret the importance of mystical-type experiences in the usage of Psilocybin as a therapeutic agent and its relationship with the efficacy of this classic psychedelic in the treatment of depression. Methods: A bibliography search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct and NCBI of clinical trials that involved the usage of psilocybin in the treatment of patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary or secondary depression published from 2006 to 2022. Results: The 5 trials included in this review demonstrated the efficacy and safety related to the usage of psilocybin in the treatment of primary and secondary depression. It was also established a possible relationship between this psychedelic’s capability to induce mystical experiences to its therapeutic usage in the context of this depression. Conclusions: We can conclude that psylocibin in a clinical setting was administered safely and with good efficacy in the context of the treatment of primary and secondary depression. Its antidepressive effects appear to be related to its capability to induce mystical-type experiences.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Depression Major depressive disorder Treatment-resistant depression 4-phosphoryloxy-N Mystical experience Psilocybin