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Aleitamento materno e a prevenção de obesidade
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Resumo(s)
Dada a crescente prevalência da obesidade e a importância de todos as patologias com ela relacionadas, é de extrema importância investir na sua prevenção. O leite materno é a melhor escolha para os bebés, uma vez que, providencia não só os nutrientes como o suporte imunitário necessário ao crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. Esta revisão aborda o aleitamento materno como um possível fator protetor do desenvolvimento de excesso de peso e obesidade na infância e na idade adulta. Sendo este um tema que tem suscitado bastante interesse científico, ao longo da revisão são analisados diversos artigos, uns que demonstraram este efeito protetor e outros cujos resultados não são tão promissores. Foram também abordados os principais mecanismos que se pensam serem responsáveis pelo papel protetor do aleitamento materno tais como: a teoria da autorregulação; a teoria da microbiota intestinal; a teoria da curva de crescimento. Foi analisado como certos componentes do leite materno poderiam estar na origem desta proteção. Apesar de existir alguma controvérsia nos resultados, as evidências atuais sugerem que o aleitamento materno pode prevenir o desenvolvimento de obesidade. Tendo conhecimento desta associação, o aleitamento materno assume um papel ainda mais importante na saúde infantil, sendo uma prática que deve ser incentivada pelos profissionais de saúde e pela comunidade.
Due to the growing prevalence of obesity and the importance of all diseases associated, it is extremely important to invest in prevention. Breast milk is the best choice for the baby, since it provides nutrients but also the immunity support necessary for the healthy growth and development of the child. This review approaches the possibility that breast milk may be a protective factor of overweight and obese children, and adults. Since this matter has generated a great amount of scientific interest, this review will focus on several articles: some that demonstrate this protective effect, and others with less promising results. Moreover, the main mechanisms that are considered most likely to be responsible for this protective effect of breast milk are also mentioned, namely, autoregulation theory, intestinal microbiota theory, growth curves theory, among others. It was also analyzed how certain components of breast milk could be in the origin of this protection. Although there is some controversy in the results found, current evidence suggests that breastfeeding may prevent the development of obesity. Being aware of this association, breast milk assumes an even more important role in children's health, and one that should be encouraged by health providers and community.
Due to the growing prevalence of obesity and the importance of all diseases associated, it is extremely important to invest in prevention. Breast milk is the best choice for the baby, since it provides nutrients but also the immunity support necessary for the healthy growth and development of the child. This review approaches the possibility that breast milk may be a protective factor of overweight and obese children, and adults. Since this matter has generated a great amount of scientific interest, this review will focus on several articles: some that demonstrate this protective effect, and others with less promising results. Moreover, the main mechanisms that are considered most likely to be responsible for this protective effect of breast milk are also mentioned, namely, autoregulation theory, intestinal microbiota theory, growth curves theory, among others. It was also analyzed how certain components of breast milk could be in the origin of this protection. Although there is some controversy in the results found, current evidence suggests that breastfeeding may prevent the development of obesity. Being aware of this association, breast milk assumes an even more important role in children's health, and one that should be encouraged by health providers and community.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Aleitamento materno Leite materno Obesidade Infância Pediatria