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Tabagismo e stress : estudo sobre professoras portuguesas
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Resumo(s)
A relação entre consumo de tabaco e stress é uma temática controversa. A
maior parte dos estudos tem confirmado a associação entre os dois factores, mas é
necessário esclarecer e aprofundar esta questão.
O estudo empírico realizado teve como principais objectivos estudar a relação
entre stress e consumo de tabaco, a relação entre estratégias de coping e esse
comportamento e, também, analisar a prevalência do consumo de tabaco, os níveis de
stress, as estratégias de coping usadas pelos sujeitos e as crenças que têm sobre a
relação stress - consumo de tabaco.
Respondeu ao questionário uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 317
professoras dos ensinos básico e secundário de várias escolas portuguesas.
Nesta amostra, os níveis médios de stress percebido eram um pouco mais
elevados do que os encontrados noutras investigações. Das participantes, 56,4%
nunca tinham fumado, 13,5% eram ex-fumadoras, 7,4% fumavam ocasionalmente e
22,8% fumavam diariamente. A grande maioria das fumadoras regulares reportou
níveis de dependência baixos ou muito baixos.
Apesar de não se ter verificado a relação entre stress e consumo de tabaco,
nem a relação entre estratégias de coping e consumo de tabaco, os resultados
indicaram que as participantes que usavam o consumo de tabaco como estratégia de
coping usavam mais estratégias de coping consideradas negativas como ''Negação e
desinvestimento" e "Uso de álcool e droga". Relativamente às crenças sobre a relação
entre stress e consumo de tabaco, 99% dos sujeitos acreditavam que quando os
fumadores se defrontam com acontecimentos difíceis fumam mais do que o normal.
Metade da amostra considerou que o consumo de tabaco diminui o stress e metade considerou que aumenta o stress e 70% concordou que a impossibilidade de fumar
causa stress aos fumadores.
É necessária mais investigação sobre a relação entre stress e consumo de
tabaco, que deveria ser proporcional ao impacto destes problemas na saúde pública e
na sociedade.
The relationship between smoking and stress is an area of controversy. The majority of the studies have been confirming the association between these two factors, but is necessary clarify and investigate this question. This empirical research had as main objectives to study the relationship between stress and smoking and between coping and that behaviour as well as analyze smoking prevalence, levels of stress, coping strategies used by subjects and beliefs about stress-smoking relationship. A convenience sample constituted by 317 teachers from basic and secondary schools answered the questionnaire. In this sample, the perceived stress levels are a bit higher than other surveys results. From all the participants, 56,4% never smoked, 13,5% were quitters, 7,4% smoked occasionally and 22,8% smoked daily. The majority of smokers reported low and very low dependence levels. Although the relationships between stress and smoking and between coping and smoking hasn't been verified, the results indicated that participants who used smoking behaviour as a coping strategy, used more coping strategies considered negative as "Denial and disengagement" and "Substance use" (alcohol and drugs). Relative to beliefs about stress-smoking relationship, 99% of subjects believed that when smokers deal with difficult events smoke more than the normal, half sample considered that smoking increases stress and half sample considered that it diminishes stress and 70% agreed that the impossibility of smoking causes stress to smokers. More research about this theme is needed and it should be proportional to this impact on public health and society.
The relationship between smoking and stress is an area of controversy. The majority of the studies have been confirming the association between these two factors, but is necessary clarify and investigate this question. This empirical research had as main objectives to study the relationship between stress and smoking and between coping and that behaviour as well as analyze smoking prevalence, levels of stress, coping strategies used by subjects and beliefs about stress-smoking relationship. A convenience sample constituted by 317 teachers from basic and secondary schools answered the questionnaire. In this sample, the perceived stress levels are a bit higher than other surveys results. From all the participants, 56,4% never smoked, 13,5% were quitters, 7,4% smoked occasionally and 22,8% smoked daily. The majority of smokers reported low and very low dependence levels. Although the relationships between stress and smoking and between coping and smoking hasn't been verified, the results indicated that participants who used smoking behaviour as a coping strategy, used more coping strategies considered negative as "Denial and disengagement" and "Substance use" (alcohol and drugs). Relative to beliefs about stress-smoking relationship, 99% of subjects believed that when smokers deal with difficult events smoke more than the normal, half sample considered that smoking increases stress and half sample considered that it diminishes stress and 70% agreed that the impossibility of smoking causes stress to smokers. More research about this theme is needed and it should be proportional to this impact on public health and society.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Psicologia (Área de especialização em Stress e Bem-Estar), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2005
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 2005 Stress (Psicologia) Coping Nicotina Consumo de tabaco Professoras