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Aplicação de radiofármacos no diagnóstico de patologias cerebrais e doenças neurodegenerativas
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O desenvolvimento da medicina nuclear permitiu a utilização regular de radiofármacos no diagnóstico e na terapêutica de várias doenças. Existem dois métodos tomográficos para aquisição de imagens: a SPECT, que utiliza radionuclídeos emissores γ (99mTc) e a PET, que utiliza radionuclídeos emissores de positrões (18F).
Actualmente, o diagnóstico na medicina nuclear é dominado pelo radionuclídeo 99mTc, usado em mais de 85% dos casos, devido às características próximas da idealidade.
O conhecimento do papel dos neurotransmissores no cérebro e o efeito de fármacos nas moléculas receptoras permitirá aos investigadores compreender os mecanismos responsáveis por patologias como a doença de Alzheimer (DA), doença de Parkinson (DP), depressão e toxicodependência. Os radiofármacos tornaram-se úteis ao permitir a realização de estudos não-invasivos e a obtenção de imagens com grande especificidade e sensibilidade. Destaque para os mais utilizados na prática clínica, marcados com 99mTc, nomeadamente o HMPAO-99mTc e o ECD-99mTc, e com 18F, como a FDG-18F e a FDOPA-18F. Há ainda um radiofármaco promissor, o 1-TRODAT-99mTc.
A avaliação de tecnologias de imagens multimodais (como PET/CT, SPECT/CT) é assim de grande importância na gestão da rotina clínica, melhorando parâmetros como o diagnóstico da DA e de outras doenças neurodegenerativas.
The development of nuclear medicine has permitted the regular use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnostic and treatment of several diseases. There are two tomographic of image acquisition: SPECT, which uses γ-emitting radionuclides (99mTc) and PET, which uses β-emitting radionuclides (18F). In recent times, due to its nearly ideal characteristics, diagnostics in nuclear medicine has been dominated by 99mTc, which is used in more than 85% of all cases. A knowledge of the role of neurotransmitters and the effect of pharmaceuticals in the receptor molecules in the brain will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression and drug addiction. Radiopharmaceuticals have become quite useful by allowing non-invasive studies to be performed and by helping to obtain images of high specificity. 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals like HMPAO-99mTc, ECD-99mTc and the promising 1-TRODAT-99mTc and 18F-based radiopharmaceuticals like FDG-18F and FDOPA-18F take the lead in this regard. The evaluation of multimodal image technology like PET/CT and SPECT/CT is thus of great importance for a correct management of everyday clinical practice, and might lead to an enhancement of such parameters as the diagnostics of Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases.
The development of nuclear medicine has permitted the regular use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnostic and treatment of several diseases. There are two tomographic of image acquisition: SPECT, which uses γ-emitting radionuclides (99mTc) and PET, which uses β-emitting radionuclides (18F). In recent times, due to its nearly ideal characteristics, diagnostics in nuclear medicine has been dominated by 99mTc, which is used in more than 85% of all cases. A knowledge of the role of neurotransmitters and the effect of pharmaceuticals in the receptor molecules in the brain will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression and drug addiction. Radiopharmaceuticals have become quite useful by allowing non-invasive studies to be performed and by helping to obtain images of high specificity. 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals like HMPAO-99mTc, ECD-99mTc and the promising 1-TRODAT-99mTc and 18F-based radiopharmaceuticals like FDG-18F and FDOPA-18F take the lead in this regard. The evaluation of multimodal image technology like PET/CT and SPECT/CT is thus of great importance for a correct management of everyday clinical practice, and might lead to an enhancement of such parameters as the diagnostics of Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Radiofármaco Cérebro Diagnóstico Imagiologia Tecnécio-99m Flúor-18 Mestrado Integrado - 2014