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Substituição de substâncias perigosas na indústria : análise de alternativas para retardadores de chama halogenados
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Resumo(s)
Os polímeros estão presentes na grande maioria dos artigos1 do quotidiano, porém para serem os
materiais de reconhecido sucesso é necessário misturá-los com aditivos para lhes conferir parte
relevante das propriedades necessárias para poderem ser aplicados.
Um dos tipos de aditivos mais utilizados na formulação de polímeros são os retardadores de
chamas. Estes aumentam a resistência do polímero à chama, retardando a expansão de fogos e
limitando a propagação de fumos, protegendo vidas humanas e bens materiais em caso de
incêndio, sendo por isso muito utilizados na indústria.
Os retardadores de chama halogenados, embora muito eficazes, estão a ser alvo de opções de
gestão de risco que visam banir a sua produção e utilização devido a serem potencialmente
perigosos para a saúde humana e/ou ambiente. Como tal, estão a ser desenvolvidos estudos com
o intuito de encontrar novos retardadores de chama que possam substituir os halogenados com
performance semelhante.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada a necessidade de substituição de retardadores de chama halogenados,
onde com base na informação disponível e em consultas às empresas conclui-se que estes não
seriam utilizados na indústria portuguesa, porém dada a limitada amostra das respostas o estudo
para substituição foi realizado.
Foi realizada uma análise de alternativas e compilados os resultados num guia de substituição
para dois retardadores de chama muito utilizados pela indústria, o decaBDE e para o Dechlorane
plus, que culminou numa lista final de substâncias alternativas cujo fabrico e utilização resultam
num menor risco para o ambiente e saúde humana.
Polymers are present in most of the articles2 we use daily, but to be the materials of recognized success in countless uses it is necessary to mix them with additives. to give them or sublimate relevant part of the necessary properties to be able to be applied in order to meet the requirements of its various applications. One of the most used types of additives in polymer formulation are flame retardants. These, as the name suggests, increase the flame resistance of the polymer by retarding the expansion of fires and limiting the spread of smoke to protect human lives and material goods in case of fire. They are therefore widely used in industry. Halogenated flame retardants, although very effective, are being targeted by risk management options aimed at banning their production and use as substances potentially very harmful to human health and the environment. Because of that, studies are being carried out to find new nonhalogenated flame retardants that can replace halogenated ones with similar performance. This work began with an evaluation of the need for the substitution of hazardous substances in the Portuguese industry, namely halogenated flame retardants, where based on company surveys and available information was possible to conclude that those types of retardants would not be used by the Portuguese industry, but given the limited sample of responses, the study for replacement was carried out. An analysis of alternatives was performed, and the data/results compiled in a substitution guide for two flame retardants widely used by industry, decaBDE and Dechlorane plus, providing a short-list of alternative substances whose manufacture and use results in a lower risk for the environment and human health.
Polymers are present in most of the articles2 we use daily, but to be the materials of recognized success in countless uses it is necessary to mix them with additives. to give them or sublimate relevant part of the necessary properties to be able to be applied in order to meet the requirements of its various applications. One of the most used types of additives in polymer formulation are flame retardants. These, as the name suggests, increase the flame resistance of the polymer by retarding the expansion of fires and limiting the spread of smoke to protect human lives and material goods in case of fire. They are therefore widely used in industry. Halogenated flame retardants, although very effective, are being targeted by risk management options aimed at banning their production and use as substances potentially very harmful to human health and the environment. Because of that, studies are being carried out to find new nonhalogenated flame retardants that can replace halogenated ones with similar performance. This work began with an evaluation of the need for the substitution of hazardous substances in the Portuguese industry, namely halogenated flame retardants, where based on company surveys and available information was possible to conclude that those types of retardants would not be used by the Portuguese industry, but given the limited sample of responses, the study for replacement was carried out. An analysis of alternatives was performed, and the data/results compiled in a substitution guide for two flame retardants widely used by industry, decaBDE and Dechlorane plus, providing a short-list of alternative substances whose manufacture and use results in a lower risk for the environment and human health.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Química Tecnológica, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Retardadores de chama Análise de alternativas Substituição de substância Dechlorane Plus decaBDE Teses de mestrado - 2023