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Portugal ocupa hoje um lugar de destaque em relação à doação mundial de órgãos. A transplantação é um tratamento eficaz a salvar vidas, por vezes a única esperança para quem aguarda um transplante. Contudo têm-se disponibilizado poucas ferramentas que possibilitem o estudo geográfico destes fenómenos, em que o apoio das tecnologias de informação geográfica se pode revelar útil.
O presente relatório de estágio assentou em quatro pontos fulcrais de atuação, sendo eles: i) a deteção de potencial de doação nos municípios de Portugal; ii) a identificação de municípios onde, face às patologias associadas aos doentes transplantados, há a possibilidade de outros afetados pela mesma patologia virem a contribuir para o número de transplantados; iii) a identificação de fluxos de acesso de dadores efetivos; e iv) a identificação fluxos de acesso de doentes transplantados. Estrategicamente, o IPST pretende implementar “a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) para potenciar a mudança e a modernização administrativa através da integração dos sistemas de informação (SI), aumentando a fiabilidade e interoperabilidade” onde este projeto se enquadra.
Primordialmente procedeu-se a uma recolha de dados, relativamente aos dadores de órgãos post mortem e doentes transplantados, assim como de informação complementar com o intuito de criação e estruturação de uma base de dados. Dada a informatização, geocodificação e georreferenciação da informação, foi possível analisar o comportamento dos dadores e doentes transplantados espacialmente e ao nível dos hospitais do Serviço Nacional de Saúde.
Através de métodos estatísticos, foram realizadas análises com vista a identificar padrões espaciais e constatar se a distribuição espacial do número de dadores e doentes transplantados é aleatória ou aglomerada (em clusters). Com a análise de potencial, é possível perspetivar se alguns aspetos populacionais influenciam o número de dadores, ou se existe alguma especificidade na associação de patologias a quem necessita de transplante, e se sim, em que locais.
Nowadays, Portugal has an important place worldwide in what organ donation is concerned. Transplantation is an effective life-saving treatment, sometimes the only hope for those who are looking for a transplant. However, few tools have been provided to allow the geographic study of these phenomena and thereon technologies of geographic information can be useful. The main purpose of this internship and study relies on four key points of action: i) Potential detection for donations in the Portuguese cities ii) identification of the municipalities where the number of transplanted people is likely to grow given the pathologies associated with their health conditions iii) identification of the flow of access of organs donators; and iv) identification of the flows of access of transplanted sick patients. Strategically, the IPST wants to implement “the usage of Communications and Information Technology to potentiate the change and the administrative modernization through integration of information systems, increasing the reliability and interoperability” where this project fits. Primarily, data were collected on organ donors post mortem and on transplanted patients, in order to create a database. Given the computerization, geocoding and georeferencing of information, it was possible to analyze the behavior of donators and transplanted patients spatially and in hospitals of the National Health Service. Through statistical methods, density analyses were performed in order to prospect if the spatial distribution of transplanted donors and patients is random or agglomerated (in clusters). Through an analysis of potential, it is possible to prospect if the population aspects could have influence on the number of donators, or if exist some specificity in the association of pathologies related to who needs the transplant, and if so, in which locals this happens.
Nowadays, Portugal has an important place worldwide in what organ donation is concerned. Transplantation is an effective life-saving treatment, sometimes the only hope for those who are looking for a transplant. However, few tools have been provided to allow the geographic study of these phenomena and thereon technologies of geographic information can be useful. The main purpose of this internship and study relies on four key points of action: i) Potential detection for donations in the Portuguese cities ii) identification of the municipalities where the number of transplanted people is likely to grow given the pathologies associated with their health conditions iii) identification of the flow of access of organs donators; and iv) identification of the flows of access of transplanted sick patients. Strategically, the IPST wants to implement “the usage of Communications and Information Technology to potentiate the change and the administrative modernization through integration of information systems, increasing the reliability and interoperability” where this project fits. Primarily, data were collected on organ donors post mortem and on transplanted patients, in order to create a database. Given the computerization, geocoding and georeferencing of information, it was possible to analyze the behavior of donators and transplanted patients spatially and in hospitals of the National Health Service. Through statistical methods, density analyses were performed in order to prospect if the spatial distribution of transplanted donors and patients is random or agglomerated (in clusters). Through an analysis of potential, it is possible to prospect if the population aspects could have influence on the number of donators, or if exist some specificity in the association of pathologies related to who needs the transplant, and if so, in which locals this happens.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise espacial Doação Saúde SIG Transplantação
