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Efeito de congruência entre o tipo de crime e a etnia do suspeito na perceção de culpa – Uma perspetiva eu vs. outro
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O Race-Crime Congruency Effect é um efeito que ocorre no mundo jurídico e que
se descreve como a congruência entre o tipo de crime cometido e a etnia do suspeito desse
mesmo crime. Este efeito parte do pressuposto que certos tipos de crime são associados
a certas etnias. Assim, quando um indivíduo é acusado de cometer um crime que é visto
como sendo congruente com a sua etnia, este, tem mais probabilidades de ser acusado.
Este efeito tem sido discutido e estudado sobretudo no contexto jurídico americano, onde
os resultados têm sido algo dispares (Bitter et al., 2022). Existe então uma necessidade de
compreender se este efeito pode ser replicado noutros contextos jurídicos.
Este estudo propôs-se a analisar a existência, ou não, de uma congruência entre os tipos
de crime e a etnia do suspeito no contexto português, tendo sido hipotetizado que os
suspeitos Negros seriam percebidos como mais culpados nos crimes estereotípicos de
Negros e o contrário para os suspeitos Brancos. Foram utilizados 20 crimes, 6 crimes
estereotípicos de Brancos, 6 crimes estereotípicos de Negros, e 8 crimes neutros, retirados
do estudo de Freitas e colaboradores (2022). Foi considerada, neste estudo, a
desejabilidade social que os participantes podem apresentar ao responder às questões do
estudo, tal como foi observado no estudo de Petsko e Bodenhausen (2019). Assim, os
participantes responderam às questões de acordo com as suas crenças pessoais e
populares. Não foi observado um efeito de congruência entre o tipo de crime e a etnia do
suspeito, para ambas as etnias. Contudo foram observados efeitos significativos
dependendo do ponto de vista. Os participantes foram mais benevolentes com os
suspeitos Negros quando fizeram os seus julgamentos com base nas crenças pessoais.
Para terminar são discutidas algumas limitações do presente estudo e a ideia para um
possível follow-up.
The Race-Crime Congruency Effect is an effect that occurs in the legal world and is described as a congruency between the type of crime someone commits and their ethnicity. This effect comes from the notion that some crimes are associated with certain ethnicities. Meaning that, when a person is accused of committing a crime that is perceived typical for someone with their ethnicity, they are more likely to be considered guilty. This effect as been studied and discussed mainly in the American legal context, where the findings have been a little ambiguous (Bitter et al., 2022). Therefore, it’s necessary to comprehend whether this effect can be replicated in other legal contexts. The present study aimed to analyze the existence or not of a congruence between the types of crimes and the ethnicity of the suspects in the Portuguese context. We hypothesized that Black suspects would be perceived as more guilty in stereotypical Black crimes and the opposite for White suspects. We used 20 crimes, 6 stereotypical White crimes, 6 stereotypical Black crimes and 8 neutral crimes, taken from Freitas and collaborators (2022) study. We considered the social desirability that participants may present when answering the questions, as observed in the study by Petsko and Bodenhausen (2019). Thus, participants answered the questions according to their personal beliefs and the popular beliefs. The results didn’t show a congruency effect between the type of crime and the suspect ethnicity for both Black and White suspects. Nevertheless, significant effects were found depending on the perspective. Meaning that, participants were more benevolent with Black suspects on their decisions when based on personal beliefs. Lastly, we discuss some limitations of this study and an idea for a possible follow-up.
The Race-Crime Congruency Effect is an effect that occurs in the legal world and is described as a congruency between the type of crime someone commits and their ethnicity. This effect comes from the notion that some crimes are associated with certain ethnicities. Meaning that, when a person is accused of committing a crime that is perceived typical for someone with their ethnicity, they are more likely to be considered guilty. This effect as been studied and discussed mainly in the American legal context, where the findings have been a little ambiguous (Bitter et al., 2022). Therefore, it’s necessary to comprehend whether this effect can be replicated in other legal contexts. The present study aimed to analyze the existence or not of a congruence between the types of crimes and the ethnicity of the suspects in the Portuguese context. We hypothesized that Black suspects would be perceived as more guilty in stereotypical Black crimes and the opposite for White suspects. We used 20 crimes, 6 stereotypical White crimes, 6 stereotypical Black crimes and 8 neutral crimes, taken from Freitas and collaborators (2022) study. We considered the social desirability that participants may present when answering the questions, as observed in the study by Petsko and Bodenhausen (2019). Thus, participants answered the questions according to their personal beliefs and the popular beliefs. The results didn’t show a congruency effect between the type of crime and the suspect ethnicity for both Black and White suspects. Nevertheless, significant effects were found depending on the perspective. Meaning that, participants were more benevolent with Black suspects on their decisions when based on personal beliefs. Lastly, we discuss some limitations of this study and an idea for a possible follow-up.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Cognitiva e Social, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Crenças populares Crenças pessoais Estereótipo (Psicologia) Etnias Justiça penal Dissertações de mestrado - 2023