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José Leite de Vasconcellos (1858 – 1941): um archeólogo português
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Ensaia-se uma abordagem ao percurso científico de José Leite de Vasconcelos,
o mais notável cientista social que existiu em Portugal. Procura-se compreender
quando e como o interesse pelo passado mais remoto surge na sua actividade de
etnólogo e linguista. Identifica-se a relação com Martins Sarmento, como primeiro
elemento relevante e, sobretudo, a sua vinda para Lisboa, primeiro para a Biblioteca
Nacional, depois na direcção do Museu Ethnologico, que concebeu, criou e
dirigiu, como aspectos determinantes na sua actividade arqueológica.
Pretendia esclarecer as realidades culturais que estudava como etnólogo
através dos vestígios arqueológicos. Isto é, partia da realidade presente para tentar
encontrar no passado a sua primitiva formulação, na convicção de que existia
uma longínqua prefiguração de Portugal. Embora esse fosse o seu objectivo central, tal não o impediu de praticar uma investigação arqueológica rigorosa e
tecnicamente sólida.
O amadurecimento e sofisticação da sua investigação acabaram por lhe
demonstrar que de todo não existia essa longínqua nação portuguesa que buscava
no registo arqueológico, pelo que regressou, no fim da vida, à síntese etnográfica
e aos trabalhos no domínio da Linguística.
In this paper, the author attempts to make an approach to the scientific work of José Leite de Vasconcelos, the most remarkable social scientist who ever existed in Portugal. One tries to understand when and how did the interest for the remotest past come up in his activity as an ethnologist and linguist. As for the decisive aspects of his archaeological activity one firstly identifies his relationship with Martins Sarmento, above all, his coming to Lisbon to the National Library and afterwards the management of the Ethnological Museum, which he designed, created and directed. He intended to explain the cultural facts he studied as an ethnologist through archaeological remains. That is to say, he tried to find early formulas from the past to associate them with his current studies, believing that there was a remote prefiguration of Portugal. Although that was his main goal, it did not prevent him from practicing a rigorous and technically solid archaeological investigation. The maturity and sophistication of his research showed him that there was definitely no such remote Portuguese nation, which he searched for in the archaeological record. Therefore, at the end of his life, he returned to the ethnographical synthesis and to the works in the field of linguistics.
In this paper, the author attempts to make an approach to the scientific work of José Leite de Vasconcelos, the most remarkable social scientist who ever existed in Portugal. One tries to understand when and how did the interest for the remotest past come up in his activity as an ethnologist and linguist. As for the decisive aspects of his archaeological activity one firstly identifies his relationship with Martins Sarmento, above all, his coming to Lisbon to the National Library and afterwards the management of the Ethnological Museum, which he designed, created and directed. He intended to explain the cultural facts he studied as an ethnologist through archaeological remains. That is to say, he tried to find early formulas from the past to associate them with his current studies, believing that there was a remote prefiguration of Portugal. Although that was his main goal, it did not prevent him from practicing a rigorous and technically solid archaeological investigation. The maturity and sophistication of his research showed him that there was definitely no such remote Portuguese nation, which he searched for in the archaeological record. Therefore, at the end of his life, he returned to the ethnographical synthesis and to the works in the field of linguistics.
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Arqueologia História da arqueologia Vasconcelos, José Leite de, 1858-1941