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Doença periodontal em canídeos : abordagem clínica
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Resumo(s)
A medicina veterinária dentária é uma especialidade da medicina veterinária que ainda possui
uma fraca expressão no nosso país. Esta situação deve-se por um lado, à fraca formação
académica nesta área, que não fornece competências suficientes para a realização de
procedimentos médico-dentários. Por outro lado, a reduzida procura deste tipo de serviços por
parte dos proprietários dos animais também contribui para esta situação. Essa procura
diminuta deve-se a fatores económicos mas principalmente ao desconhecimento das causas
desta doença, das suas manifestações locais como os abcessos periodontais, as fístulas
oronasais e as alterações oculares e das suas manifestações sistémicas que podem assumir
uma gravidade significativa como são as situações de endocardite bacteriana e de doença
respiratória. A doença periodontal é uma enfermidade com uma elevada prevalência nos
animais de companhia. A sua etiologia é multifatorial sendo a acumulação de placa bacteriana
nas superfícies dentárias a sua causa primária. Se esta placa não for removida, a doença
periodontal progride de uma fase inicial denominada gengivite que se manifesta por
hiperémia e inflamação gengival para uma fase avançada denominada periodontite que se
manifesta pela perda de inserção dentária causada por alterações no ligamento periodontal
originando numa fase posterior, a mobilidade e a perda das peças dentárias. Esta progressão
depende de fatores intrínsecos como a raça, a idade e o tamanho e extrínsecos como os
hábitos de higiene oral, a alimentação e as visitas regulares ao médico veterinário dentista.
Este trabalho procurou fornecer aos Médicos Veterinários, um protocolo simples mas eficaz
de prevenção e tratamento desta enfermidade de modo, a poder motivá-los e assim aumentar a
sua dedicação a esta área da Medicina Veterinária contribuindo dessa forma, para a saúde oral
dos seus pacientes. Este trabalho procurou também, alertar os médicos veterinários para sinais
como a presença de cálculo dentário, a halitose e o desconforto na mastigação que são as
causas principais das visitas em medicina veterinária dentária.
ABSTRACT - Veterinary dentistry is a specialty of veterinary medicine that remains underrepresented in our country. This is due, in part, to weak academic training in this area which fails to provide students with sufficient expertise to carry out medical and dental procedures. On the other hand, a reduced demand for such services by pet owners also contributes to this situation. Economic reasons may play a part but mostly this is as a result of a lack of knowledge regarding the causes of this disease, as well as its local manifestations, which may include periodontal abscesses, oronasal fistulas and ocular change as well as its systemic manifestations that can be very serious and may include bacterial endocarditis and respiratory disease. Periodontal disease is a pathology with a high prevalence in pets. Its etiology is multifactorial but the accumulation of plaque on tooth surfaces is its primary cause. If this plaque is not removed, periodontal disease progresses from an early stage called gingivitis which is manifested by hyperaemia and gingivitis to an advanced stage called periodontitis which is manifested initially by loss of dental insertion caused by changes in the periodontal ligament leading at a later stage to mobility and tooth loss. This progression depends on intrinsic factors such as race, age and size and extrinsic factors such as oral hygiene habits, diet and regular veterinary dental visits. This study sought to provide veterinarians with a simple but effective protocol for the prevention and treatment of this pathology, in order to motivate them and thereby increase their interest in this area of Veterinary Medicine ultimately contributing to oral health of their patients. This study also sought to alert veterinarians to signs, such as the presence of dental calculus, halitosis and discomfort in chewing which are the main causes of visits in veterinary dentistry.
ABSTRACT - Veterinary dentistry is a specialty of veterinary medicine that remains underrepresented in our country. This is due, in part, to weak academic training in this area which fails to provide students with sufficient expertise to carry out medical and dental procedures. On the other hand, a reduced demand for such services by pet owners also contributes to this situation. Economic reasons may play a part but mostly this is as a result of a lack of knowledge regarding the causes of this disease, as well as its local manifestations, which may include periodontal abscesses, oronasal fistulas and ocular change as well as its systemic manifestations that can be very serious and may include bacterial endocarditis and respiratory disease. Periodontal disease is a pathology with a high prevalence in pets. Its etiology is multifactorial but the accumulation of plaque on tooth surfaces is its primary cause. If this plaque is not removed, periodontal disease progresses from an early stage called gingivitis which is manifested by hyperaemia and gingivitis to an advanced stage called periodontitis which is manifested initially by loss of dental insertion caused by changes in the periodontal ligament leading at a later stage to mobility and tooth loss. This progression depends on intrinsic factors such as race, age and size and extrinsic factors such as oral hygiene habits, diet and regular veterinary dental visits. This study sought to provide veterinarians with a simple but effective protocol for the prevention and treatment of this pathology, in order to motivate them and thereby increase their interest in this area of Veterinary Medicine ultimately contributing to oral health of their patients. This study also sought to alert veterinarians to signs, such as the presence of dental calculus, halitosis and discomfort in chewing which are the main causes of visits in veterinary dentistry.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cão doença periodontal placa bacteriana cálculo gengivite periodontite Dog periodontal disease plaque dental calculus gingivitis periodontitis
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Soeiro, G.H. (2015). Doença periodontal em canídeos : abordagem clínica. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária