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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Human beings are increasingly subjected to risks and phenomena of natural or
technological origin that can compromise the balance between the social and natural
environments. The Knowledge Society of the 20th century is characterized by the
intensification of risks associated with climate change. Potentially devastating risks
are our society’s biggest problem.
By definition, risk is the value obtained from the assessment of possible
consequences (human losses, direct and indirect damages and costs) caused by
incidents or accidents, together with the probability of occurrence of hazardous
processes due to the conjunction of the factors involved. Risk is a combination of
the probability of unfavorable scenarios and their consequences.
In this context, it is possible, and advisable, to evaluate the expected value of these
consequences, in order to establish, based on scenarios, procedures for forecasting,
preventing, controlling and mitigating the effects of these hazardous processes to
people and assets, associated with both natural and technological risks.
Risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk management are the main pieces in the
process known as ‘Risk Assessment’. Risk assessment can be understood as the joint
effort of identifying and analysing potential future events, i.e., risk analysis, and
evaluating the acceptability of risk based on the risk analysis, while considering
influencing factors, i.e., risk evaluation. In short, risk assessment analyses what
can go wrong, how likely it is to happen and, if it happens, what are the potential
consequences.
Since this is a multi-disciplinary domain involving various scientific areas, among
which geography, Earth and environmental sciences, ecology, engineering, law,
economics, sociology and political sciences, this book gathers contributions covering
a wide spectrum of topics with regard to their theoretical background and field of
application. As part of this process, the resulting assessment of risk may be expressed
in both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Vulnerability to risks varies widely, primarily depending on the capacity of societies
to integrate them in the management of their activities, to mitigate their effects
and to recover from the disaster. Two major parameters are decisive for ensuring
the development of these capacities and the consequent reduction in vulnerability -
expert knowledge and planning.
It is within the first parameter that one seeks to discern the magnitude of risks and
to test new technologies to support the monitoring, evaluation and communication
of threats. The concept of risk has, of course, evolved over time, and is now a basic
principle in decision-making by politicians, managers, entrepreneurs, builders and
civil protection services, in the definition of safety and security systems, completed
in safety and emergency plans, and is integrated in crisis management programs
associated with accident situations.
Risk assessment is an inherent part of an overall risk management strategy, which
attempts to introduce, after a risk assessment, control measures to eliminate or
reduce any potential risk-related consequences. This concept is linked today to a
new paradigm, in which the technological, social and communicational aspects gain
even more relevance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Risk Analysis Risk Evaluation Risk Managment
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Rocha, J., Oliveira, S. & Capinha, C. (2020). Risk Management and Assessment. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83256
Editora
IntechOpen